Kuyini ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu?

Impela uzwile kaningi eminyakeni yamuva ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela okungaba nayo esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Kepha, Uyazi ngempela ukuthi igama ngokwalo lisho ukuthini futhi uma libucayi njengoba besho?

Iqiniso ngukuthi izinguquko zesimo sezulu bezilokhu zenzeka, ngoba akuyona nje into eshintsha isikhathi eside yesimo sezulu ngenxa yokweqisa ukufudumala kobuso bomhlaba wonke. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo kuyinqubo ejwayelekile, ejwayelekile yomhlaba, kepha emashumini eminyaka amuva nje abantu bayiqinise ngomphumela obizwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse effect. Ukuze, Kuyini ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu?

Kuyini ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu?

I-Meteorology iyinkambu ebanzi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yocwaningo, kusukela isimo sezulu asikaze sibe nse, futhi lokhu yinto nathi uqobo esingayiqaphela ngokudlula kwezinkathi, ngisho nezinsuku. Kunezici eziningi ezithintekayo: ukuphakama, ibanga ukusuka enkabazwe, imisinga yolwandle, phakathi kokunye. Uma sikhuluma 'ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu' sibhekisa ku- ukwahlukahluka kwesikhathi eside kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Leli gama laqanjwa ngo-1988 yiqembu lososayensi abaphetha ngokuthi ukuqhubeka kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwakusheshisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Labo ngoti bakhiqize uchungechunge lwemibiko yokuthi iningi lohulumeni abakhulu kumele ithobele uma bengafuni imiphumela ebhubhisayo iqhubekele phambili.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

Izimbangela zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungaba zemvelo o anthropogenic, okungukuthi, ngesenzo somuntu.

Izimbangela zemvelo 

Phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zemvelo sithola okulandelayo:

• Imisinga ye-Ocean
• Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba
• Ukuhluka kwelanga
• Imithelela yemeteor noma ye-asteroid
• Umsebenzi wentabamlilo

Zonke kwesinye isikhathi ziye zabangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 eyedlule i-asteroid yashaya uMhlaba yagcina idale i-Ice Age, isula izibankwakazi ezimbalwa ezasala ziphila ngemva kwenhlekelele. Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, le mbono yamukelwa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi eminyakeni engu-12.800 XNUMX edlule i-meteorite eyahlasela iMexico yabangela into efanayo.

Izimbangela ze-Anthropogenic

 Kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ukuthi umuntu angalimaza ushintsho lwesimo sezulu kuze kube el Homo sapiens izoqala ukugawula amahlathi ukuwaphendula amasimu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi (cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule) uhlanga lwesintu aluzange lweqe izigidi eziyisihlanu, ukuthi yize kuyisibalo esibalulekile, umthelela eMhlabeni wawungaphansi kakhulu kwanamuhla.

Njengamanje sisengcupheni yokufinyelela kubantu abayi-7 billion. Futhi lokhu esikwenzayo kwiplanethi sekuyaqala ukubamba, kwazise selokhu kwaba neNguquko Yezimboni siye sakhuphula ukukhishwa kwamagesi afana ne-carbon dioxide noma i-methane, okufaka isandla ekubiweni komthelela wokushisa komhlaba. Kepha, uqukethe ini?

Lapho kukhulunywa ngale nqubo, kukhulunywa ngefayela le- ukugcinwa kokushisa elangeni emkhathini ungqimba lwamagesi (njenge-CO2, methane, noma i-nitrous oxide) atholakala kuwo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngaphandle kwalomphumela bekungeke kube khona impilo njengoba sazi, ngoba iplanethi ibingavele ibande kakhulu. Imvelo iphethe ukulinganisa ukungcola, kepha sikwenze kwaba nzima kubo: sandise ukungcola ngo-30% kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Namuhla cishe bonke ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi indlela yethu yokukhiqiza amandla nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuguqula isimo sezulu, esizobangela imbangela imithelela emibi eMhlabeni, ngakho-ke, endleleni yethu yokuphila.

Ngokwemibiko yakamuva evela kwi-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), imiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu isiqalile ukuzwakala kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amazinga okushisa enyukile ngo-0,6ºC ngekhulu lama-10, futhi amazinga olwandle akhuphuke ngamasentimitha ayishumi kuya kwayi-12. Izibikezelo azithembisi nakancane: amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-0.4 no-4 degrees aphezulu kulindeleke kulo lonke ikhulu lama-25 kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-82 kuye kwangama-XNUMX.

Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengamanje

Siyazi ukuthi amazinga okushisa azokwenyuka, kodwa Yini okufanele sibhekane nayo? Ukuba nesimo sezulu esimnandi kungaba izindaba ezinhle kubantu abaningi, kepha iqiniso ukuthi kufanele sizilungiselele imiphumela engaguqula umhlaba wethu unomphela.

Imiphumela kuzidalwa eziphilayo 

Ukufa, ukugula, ukungezwani komzimba, ukungondleki,… ngamafuphi, konke esingakuthandi kuzokwanda ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzovela izifo ezintsha, nalezo obekuvame ukugxila ezindaweni ezishisayo, izoqhubekela phambili maphakathi nobubanzi.

Izitshalo nezilwane kuzophazamiseka. imicimbi yasentwasahlobo efana nokuqhakaza noma ukubekela amaqanda izofika ekuseni. Ezinye izinhlobo zizoyeka ukufuduka, kanti ezinye zizophoqeleka ukwenza kanjalo uma zifuna ukusinda.

Imiphumela Emhlabeni

Ngokwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, ulwandle luzophinda lumunce okuningi kwaleli gesi ngakho kuzokwenza i-asidi. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane eziningi, njenge-coral noma izimbaza, zizobhubha. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, ivolumu ye-algae ne-plankton izoshintsha.

Iziqhingi nezindawo ezisogwini eziphansi izocwiliswa ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle; futhi ezindaweni eziningi izikhukhula zizoba ngenye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu ezizobhekana nazo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isomiso sizodlondlobala kulezo zifunda lapho imvula incane khona uqobo.

Njengoba ubonile, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu nokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele ayazi, ikakhulukazi abaholi bemibuso emikhulu yomhlaba. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, iplanethi ingahlushwa uchungechunge lwemiphumela engalungiseki.