Kungani sihlala sibona uhlangothi olulodwa lwenyanga?

Sonke siyazi ukuthi iNyanga ihlale isikhombisa ubuso obufanayo, okungukuthi, sisuka eMhlabeni asikwazi ukubona ubuso obufihliwe beNyanga. Ngeshwa, leli qiniso liye lenza abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inyanga ayijikelezi. Abantu abaningi abazi kungani sihlala sibona uhlangothi olulodwa lwenyanga.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikuchazele isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi kungani sihlala sibona uhlangothi olufanayo lwenyanga.

Inyanga iziphendulela

Okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi inyanga ihamba kanjani emhlabeni (ukuhumusha), khona-ke ungaqonda ukuthi kungani inyanga ijikeleza. Lesi sikhathi sokuhumusha kwenyanga yizinsuku ezingama-27,3, okusho ukuthi uma kuba nenyanga egcwele namuhla kusihlwa, inyanga izoba sesigabeni esifanayo ncamashi nesanamuhla izinsuku ezingama-27,3. Lapho inyanga izungeza umhlaba, nayo iyajikeleza.

Iphuzu elibalulekile lapha inani lesikhathi osichitha wenza ukunyakaza kokubili. Eqinisweni, inyanga ithatha izinsuku ezifanayo ezingama-27,3 ukuqedela ukuzungeza okukodwa emhlabeni njengoba kuthatha ukuqedela ukuzungeza okukodwa eksisi yayo. Yilokhu kunyakaza okuhambisanayo, ukuqondana kwalokhu kunyakaza, ukuthi sihlala sibona ubuso obufanayo besathelayithi yethu yemvelo.

Isici esiyisisekelo salokhu kuqondana okuhle kakhulu isenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Amandla adonsela phansi eNyanga awonakalisa kancane Umhlaba futhi enze ukusebenzisa amaza kube lula kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, Amandla adonsela phansi omhlaba "adonsa" enyangeni, enze iqhubu elifana nebhuleki enyangeni. Leli bhuleki lehlisa ukujikeleza kwenyanga ngesivinini sayo samanje.

Lapho lokho kwenzeka, Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500 edlule, iNyanga "yavinjwa" yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi amandla olwandle, futhi isibonise ubuso obufanayo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kunomkhuba wokucabanga ukuthi uhlangothi esingaluboni lubanda kunalolu esilubonayo ngoba aluyitholi imisebe yelanga. Nokho, nalokhu akulungile. Zombili izinhlangothi zeNyanga, noma kunalokho yonke indawo yenyanga, zithola inani elifanayo lemisebe ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwayo emhlabeni.

Kungani sihlala sibona uhlangothi olulodwa lwenyanga?

Iningi lamaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga anezinyanga. Ngokwesibonelo, IMars inezinyanga ezimbili, iJupiter 79 neNeptune 14. Ezinye zineqhwa, ezinye zinamatshe, ezinye zisebenza ngokuma kwezwe, kodwa ezinye azinamsebenzi omncane noma azinawo nhlobo. Kodwa kuthiwani ngenyanga? Kuhlangana ngani lokho nakho?

Kukhona impendulo elula kulo mbuzo: inyanga ifana nomlingani womdanso omuhle kakhulu, ehlala ebuka umlingani wayo: ihlale ibheka uMhlaba ngobuso obufanayo. Ubuso "buyingqayizivele" ngoba inyanga ithatha isikhathi esilingana ncamashí ukuzungeza i-eksisi yayo njengoba yenza ekuzungezini koMhlaba.

Lokho kulingana nezinsuku ezingaphezudlwana kuka-27, ngakho-ke sihlala sibona i-hemisphere yenyanga efanayo. Lesi yisenzakalo esibizwa ngokuthi i-gravitational coupling. Noma into efanayo: ukujikeleza kwayo nokunyakaza kokuhumusha kuyavumelaniswa, ngakho sihlala sibona ubuso obufanayo.

Singazijwayeza thina ngaphandle kokuhambela emkhathini futhi siqhelelane nayo: vele uthathe induku namaphepha amabili anemibala emibili bese uyizungezisa ngenkathi izungeza yona yodwa. Ngakho-ke uma ubona iphepha eliphuzi ekuqaleni, uzobona iphepha eliphuzi kuphela sonke isikhathi. Yilokhu okwenzeka enyangeni yesihlanu ngobukhulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga.

Kuthiwani ngohlangothi olumnyama lwenyanga?

Kodwa kukhona okwengeziwe, kuthiwani ngalobo buso esingakwazi ukububona? Kusukela ngo-1959, abantu bangabona izithombe ngenxa ye-Soviet space probes. Namuhla sithole izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ukusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezikude, futhi siyabona ukuthi i-cratered kakhulu: lokho kungenxa yokuthi ivezwe kakhulu emkhathini.

Ngakho, uhlangothi olubonakalayo lwakhiwe u-40% wolwandle, futhi indawo enkulu yomhlaba ivela ekugelezeni kwentaba-mlilo. Nokho, ohlangothini olufihliwe kuphela 8%. Kuyimfihlakalo namuhla, futhi kusekuzameni ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ama-crusts ezinhlangothi zombili ehluke kangaka.

Ngokusho kocwaningo lwaseShayina lwango-2019 olwenziwe yi-Change 4 probe, lokhu kuhlangana kungaba nomthelela: “Lapho uMhlaba neNyanga kwakheka, empeleni bekungamalambu akhanyayo. Amasathelayithi aba mancane futhi aphola ngokushesha, kodwa iplanethi yethu yaqhubeka ikhipha ukushisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, imizila kufanele ibe isimile, nokushisa kuvimbele ukwakheka koqweqwe olushubile ohlangothini olubonakalayo,” echaza.

Iminyakazo yenyanga

Njengoba phakathi kwenyanga noMhlaba kukhona amandla adonsela phansi, kukhona nokunyakaza kwemvelo kwalesi sathelayithi. Njengeplanethi yethu, inokunyakaza okubili okuyingqayizivele okwaziwa njengokuzungezisa mayelana ne-eksisi yayo kanye nokuhumusha ku-orbit ezungeze uMhlaba. Lokhu kunyakaza yikho okuphawula inyanga futhi kuhlobene namagagasi nezigaba zenyanga.

Phakathi nokunyakaza okuhlukene anakho, uchitha isikhathi esithile ukuyiqeda. Isibonelo, ukuhumusha okuphelele kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-27,32. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi inyanga ihlale isikhombisa ubuso obufanayo futhi kubonakala sengathi ilungiswe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi zejiyomethri kanye nolunye uhlobo lokunyakaza olubizwa nge-lunar libration esizolubona kamuva.

Lapho uMhlaba uzungeza iLanga, inyanga iyakwenza nayo kodwa eMhlabeni, ibheke eMpumalanga. Ibanga lenyanga ukusuka eMhlabeni kukho konke ukunyakaza kwayo liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ibanga phakathi kweplanethi nesathelayithi lingama-384 km. Leli banga liyahlukahluka ngokuphelele kuye ngokuthi ikuphi emzileni walo. Njengoba i-orbit ididekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi ikude, iLanga lithonya kakhulu ngamandla alo adonsela phansi.

Izindawo zenyanga azilungisiwe futhi zihamba kude ngeminyaka engu-18,6 yokukhanya. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-elliptical yenyanga ingalungiseki futhi isikhathi senyanga senzeka njalo ekuphendukeni kweminyaka engu-8,85. Le perigee yilapho inyanga isisesigabeni sayo esigcwele futhi isondele kakhulu emzileni wayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-apogee ilapho ikude kakhulu nomjikelezo.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani sihlala sibona uhlangothi olufanayo lwenyanga.