Kungani iziphepho zinamagama abantu besifazane?

kungani izivunguvungu zinezici zamagama abesifazane

Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule kwakuyisiko ukubhapathiza iziphepho ngamagama abangcwele bangaleso sikhathi. Yingakho uSanta Ana avela ePuerto Rico ngo-July 26, 1825 naseSan Felipe ngo-September 13, 1928. Ngo-September 1834, isiphepho uPadre Ruiz phezu kweDominican Republic sabangelwa umpristi, nokho, lezi zimo zezulu zaqala ukubekezelela. amagama abantu. abantu abaningi bayazibuza Kungani iziphepho zinamagama abantu besifazane?

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kungani iziphepho zinamagama abesifazane.

Ingabe Iziphepho Ziqanjwe Ngokubulala Kwabesifazane?

imimoya enamandla

Ngokwalolu shicilelo, amagama abesifazane aqala ukuduma kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zezulu zaseMelika ngeMpi Yezwe II, futhi umkhuba wokwethiwa kweziphepho ngamagama abesifazane wamukelwa ngokusemthethweni e-United States ngo-1953. Ngokulandela lo mkhuba, umkhankaso wabesifazane uRosie Bolton waqala ukubonakala. ukucasuka kwabesifazane abaningi, abacasulwe ukuhlotshaniswa ngokungafanele nenhlekelele. Umkhankaso kaBolton nezinye izishoshovu ekugcineni wenze iziphathimandla zase-US ukuthi ziqale ukusebenzisa amagama amadoda futhi ngo-1979.

Phezu kwayo yonke izinkulumo zokuthi kuqanjwe amagama abantu besifazane kuqanjwe izigameko ezifana nalezi, ngo-2014 ithimba labacwaningi baseMelika laphetha ngokuthi izishingishane eziqanjwe ngabesifazane ziyingozi kakhulu kuneziphepho eziqanjwe ngabesilisa, zibangele ukufa kwabantu abaningi ngoba zibukeka ngenxa yezinsongo. Incane, ngakho-ke kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezimbalwa.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha yokufa kweziphepho e-United States lwathola ukuthi iziphepho eziqanjwe ngamagama abesifazane zibangele ukufa kwabantu cishe okuphindwe kabili. Ababhali batusa ukushintsha indlela iziphepho eziqanjwe ngayo ukunqanda ukucwasa ngobulili engazi lutho ekugcineni kuthinta amazinga abantu abakulungele. Noma kunjalo, iNational Hurricane Centre ithe abantu kufanele bakhathazeke ngosongo lwesiphepho ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibiza uSam noma uSamantha.

Kodwa ngubani onqumayo ukuthi iyini isiphepho? Kungani beqanjwa ngamagama abantu? Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afanele esikhundleni sezinombolo noma amagama obuchwepheshe kuhloswe ngawo ukugwema ukudideka nokwenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa kwezixwayiso. Uhlu Lwamagama Lwesishingishane sase-Atlantic Tropical lwadalwa yi-National Hurricane Centre (NHC) ngo-1953 futhi lusetshenziswe njengohlu olujwayelekile lomhlaba wonke.

Lezi zinhlu zigcinwa futhi zibuyekezwa yi-World Meteorological Organization (WMO), inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene ezinze eGeneva, eSwitzerland. Ngale ndlela, izivunguvungu zonyaka ngamunye zibhalwa ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu, ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu u-Q, U, XY, no-Z, ezinamagama ashintshanayo owesilisa nowesifazane. Isifunda ngasinye sinegama elihlukile lesiphepho. Uhlu oluqanjwe ngesiNgisi, iSpanishi nesiFulentshi lubuyiswa njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha. Ngakho-ke isibonelo uhlu olusetshenziswe ngo-2010 luphinde lusetshenziswe ngo-2016.

Amakomidi ezifunda ze-WMO ahlangana minyaka yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi yimaphi amagama ezivunguvungu onyakeni odlule okufanele "amiswe" ngenxa yemiphumela yawo eyingozi kakhulu. Isibonelo yiSiphepho uKatrina, isiphepho sango-2005 esabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.000 2011 eNew Orleans (USA), igama laso elingakaphinde lisetshenziswe. Ngo-XNUMX uKatia wangena esikhundleni.

Kungani iziphepho zinamagama abantu besifazane?

ukwakheka kwesiphepho

UKoji Kuroiwa, oyinhloko yeWMO Tropical Cyclone Programme, utshele iBBC ukuthi umkhuba wokuqanjwa kweziphepho ngamagama abesifazane wawuvamile phakathi kwezazi zezulu zamasosha ase-US ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. “Bakhetha ukukhetha igama lesithandwa sabo, unkosikazi noma umama. Ngaleso sikhathi, iningi lalinamagama abantu besifazane. Lo mkhuba waba yinjwayelo ngo-1953, kodwa amagama abesilisa nawo afakwa ngawo-1970 ukugwema ukungalingani kobulili.

Ngo-2014, ucwaningo lwe-University of Illinois lwabonisa ukuthi iziphepho eziqanjwe ngabesifazane zabulala abantu abaningi kuneziphepho eziqanjwe ngamagama. Isizathu? Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane bathathwa njengabantu “aba serious” futhi abakulungele ukubhekana nabo.

Ososayensi bahlaziye inani lokufa kwezivunguvungu e-US iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 futhi baphetha ngokuthi iziphepho eziqanjwe ngabesifazane zabulala cishe kabili. Ngemva kokuzwa lokhu okutholakele, iNational Hurricane Centre yagcizelela ukuthi abantu kufanele banake usongo olubangelwa isiphepho ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibiza uSam noma uSamantha.

Phambilini, ukubiza izivunguvungu ongcwele wosuku okwadedelwa ngalo isiphepho kwasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, isiphepho saseSanta Ana sagadla ePuerto Rico ngo-July 1825.

Isazi sesimo sezulu saseBrithani uClement Wragge waba ngowokuqala ukwetha isiphepho. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-1953, iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo zaqala ukuqanjwa ngamagama abesifazane. I-United States ekugcineni yayizokwamukela ngokusemthethweni umkhuba ngo-XNUMX.

Lona bekuwumkhuba kudala ngaphambi kokuba isishoshovu samalungelo abantu besifazane saseMelika kanye namalungelo omphakathi u-Roxcy Bolton (1926-2017) abe nesibindi sokuphonsela inselelo i-NOAA. Wenze umkhankaso wokushintsha umkhuba wokuqanjwa kwezivunguvungu ukuze kufakwe nabesilisa. Ngenxa yalokho, waba ubuso beqembu elikhulu labesifazane aba bakhala ngokuthi amagama abantu besifazane ahlotshaniswa nezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, izazi zezulu zaseMelika zawuyeka lo mkhuba. Ngakho nakhu kufika uBob, isiphepho sesibili sango-1979, ekugcineni esinegama lowesilisa.

Ubhapathizo lwesiphepho namuhla

Kungani iziphepho zinamagama abantu besifazane?

Namuhla, ngeziphepho zase-Atlantic, isiphepho ngasinye sinohlu lwamagama lweminyaka eyisithupha. Okusho ukuthi, uhlu luphindaphindiwe njalo eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Isikhathi esishintshile kuphela uma isiphepho sibulala kakhulu noma sicekela phansi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esizayo igama lakhe ngeke lifaneleke ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala zokuzwela. Uhlu ngalunye luqukethe amagama angama-21 ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu. Uma iziphepho ezingaphezu kuka-21 zirekhodwa ngesikhathi sonyaka, kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiGreki.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi kungani iziphepho zinamagama abantu besifazane


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.