Kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka

Izinkathi ezine zonyaka, intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla nobusika, ziyizinkathi ezine ezimisiwe zonyaka ngamunye ezihlukaniswa ngokwezimo zezulu eziqondile neziphindaphindayo ezibonakala emkhathini. Ngasinye sithatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu futhi, sezizonke, zakha isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi sesimo sezulu esingaguquki nezimo zezulu. Abantu abaningi abazi Kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka nokuthi zibaluleke kangakanani ngokulingana kwamandla eplanethi.

Kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka

Izinkathi zonyaka ziyisenzakalo seplanethi engumphumela wokunyakaza kokuhumusha nokuthambekela kwamaplanethi emigudwini yawo ezungeza ilanga, futhi nakuba zenzeka kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres oMhlaba, zihlala zenzeka ngendlela ephambene, okungukuthi, lapho kusehlobo enyakatho kanti ihlobo eningizimu ubusika bese kuphambene. Ukuze bahlukanise, sivame ukukhuluma ngenkathi yasenyakatho (enyakatho nenkabazwe) kanye nenkathi yaseningizimu (eningizimu nenkabazwe).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngendawo yesimo sezulu, izinkathi zonyaka zizibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, izifunda eziseduze nenkabazwe azinazo izinkathi zonyaka ezichazwe kahle, kodwa kunezinkathi zonyaka zemvula nesomiso, ezinokuhlukahluka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa, kuyilapho ezifundeni ezipholile izinkathi zonyaka zihlukile futhi isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu siyahluka kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, Ukuziphatha okuqondile kwesiteshi ngasinye kuncike endaweni yendawo.

Ngokujwayelekile, amasizini amane angaqondwa kanje:

• Ubusika. Lesi isikhathi esibanda kakhulu sonyaka lapho ilanga lishaya kancane ngokuqondile futhi kancane kakhulu, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuhamba kancane noma kuma, futhi kwezinye izindawo kuba nesithwathwa, ukukhithika nezinye izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
• Primavera. Lesi yisikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha, lapho ilanga lifudumala futhi futhi iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, futhi izitshalo zisebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuze zibe luhlaza futhi ziqhakaze. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezilalayo ziphuma emigodini yazo futhi izinsuku ziqala ukwanda.
• Ihlobo. Lesi yisikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka lapho ilanga liqondile futhi lishubile futhi izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka. Kulapho lesi sitshalo sithela khona futhi izilwane eziningi zisebenzisa leli thuba ukuzala.
• Ukuwa. Kulapho amaqabunga ebuna khona, isimo sezulu siqala ukuphola futhi ukuphila kulungiselela ukufika kobusika. Isikhathi esihlobene ngokwesiko nokudangala nokudabuka, njengoba ubusuku buqala ukuba bube bubude kunezinsuku.

Umlando othile

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amasiko ahlukene aye aqonda izinkathi zonyaka njengomjikelezo waphakade, futhi axhumanise imilando yawo yokusebenza kanye nemijikelezo ye-cosmic nomunye nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, ubude bobusuku nokuba buthakathaka kwelanga kuhlotshaniswa nokufa kanye nokuphela kwesikhathi, okwenza intwasahlobo ibe isikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha nesokugubha, isikhathi lapho ukuphila kuphumelela khona.

Ukuhlotshaniswa okunjalo nezingathekiso kuvela emasikweni amaningi ezinganekwane ngisho nasezimpawu zezimfundiso eziningi zenkolo.

Izici eziyinhloko

Izici zezinkathi ezine zonyaka zimi kanje:

• Zakha umjikelezo noma umjikelezo ophindaphindwa njalo ngonyaka, enedethi yokuqala noma yokugcina ehluke kancane enkathini ngayinye. Ukuxhumana kwayo nezinyanga zonyaka kuncike enkabeni yezwe, enye yazo yile: UJanuwari yinyanga yasebusika enyakatho nenkabazwe, yinyanga yasehlobo eningizimu nenkabazwe.
• Zizibonakalisa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuthe xaxa noma okuncane (njengokushisa komkhathi nomswakama) nezimo zezulu (njengesomiso, imvula, iqhwa, isichotho, imimoya enamandla, njll.). Isizini ngayinye inezici zayo, ngokuvamile ezicishe zifane phakathi kwendawo eyodwa nenye.
• Kuhlale kunezinkathi ezine, ngayinye ethatha isilinganiso sezinyanga ezintathu, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zonyaka. Nokho, ezifundeni zasenkabazwe, kunezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka: inkathi yemvula kanye nenkathi eyomile, ngayinye ethatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
• Imingcele phakathi kwesizini eyodwa nenye ivamise ukuhlakazeka futhi kancane kancane, okungukuthi, azikho izinguquko ezibukhali nezizumayo ukusuka kwesinye isizini ukuya kwesinye. Amaphuzu okuwela phakathi kwesizini eyodwa nenye abizwa ngokuthi ama-solstices nama-equinoxes.
• Isizini ngayinye inezici ezijwayelekile, kodwa ukuziphatha kwayo kungase kuncike endaweni yendawo: indawo, indawo yesimo sezulu, ukuba seduze nogu, njll.

Kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka emhlabeni?

Izinkathi zonyaka zidalwe yinhlanganisela yezinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukunyakaza kokuhunyushwa kweplanethi yethu, ehlanganisa ukuzungeza kweplanethi ilanga, kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-365 noma unyaka ukuqeda.
• I-axis yayo ihlale itshekile, cishe ngo-23,5° ngokuphathelene nendiza ye-ecliptic, okungukuthi, iplanethi yethu itsheke unomphela, ngakho ithola ukukhanya kwelanga ngokungalingani, kuye ngokuthi ikuphi emzileni.
• Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekugcineni komjikelezo wayo, ukwenzeka kwemisebe yelanga kuyehluka, ifinyelela phambili iqonde kwenye i-hemisphere (ezobhekana nehlobo), futhi ngokungaqondile nakancane ukuya kwenye i-hemisphere (ezobhekana nobusika). Ngenxa yalokho, i-engeli ukukhanya kwelanga okushaya ngayo Umhlaba iyahlukahluka unyaka wonke, okuholela ezinsukwini ezinde noma ezifushane, kuye nge-hemisphere.

Ama-Solstices nama-equinox

I-solstice kanye ne-equinox zaziwa njengamaphoyinti amane ayisihluthulelo kumzila we-orbital woMhlaba ozungeza ilanga, ezihlala zenzeka ngedethi efanayo, okuphawula ukuguquka kusuka kwesinye isizini kuya kwenye. Kunama-solstices amabili nama-equinoxes amabili, okuyizi:

• I-solstice yasehlobo ngoJuni 21. Kuleli qophelo emzileni wawo, phakathi kwekwindla esenyakatho/intwasahlobo yaseningizimu kanye nehlobo elisenyakatho/ubusika obuseningizimu, uMhlaba udalula indawo yawo esenyakatho elangeni, ngakho imisebe yelanga ishaya iTropic of Cancer ibheke phezulu. Inyakatho iyashisa futhi eningizimu iyaphola; ubusuku buba bujana eningizimu (ubusuku be-polar noma bezinyanga ezingu-6 eduze ne-Antarctica), njengoba kwenza izinsuku enyakatho (izinsuku ezipholile noma izinyanga ezingu-6 eduze neNorth Pole).
• I-23 September yi-autumnal equinox. Kuleli qophelo ku-orbit, phakathi kwehlobo elisenyakatho/ubusika baseningizimu kanye nekwindla esenyakatho/intwasahlobo yaseningizimu, zombili izigxobo zivezwe emisebeni yelanga, ngakho imisebe yazo incikene nenkabazwe.
• I-Winter solstice ngoDisemba 21. Kuleli qophelo emzileni wawo, phakathi kwekwindla esenyakatho/intwasahlobo yaseningizimu kanye nobusika bomhlaba/ihlobo eliseningizimu, Umhlaba udalula i-hemisphere eseningizimu elangeni, ngakho imisebe yelanga ishaya i-Capricorn ibheke phezulu. Iningizimu iyashisa futhi inyakatho iyabanda; ubusuku buba bude enyakatho (ubusuku benyanga epholile noma obuyizinyanga eziyisi-6 eduze ne-North Pole), njengoba kwenza izinsuku eningizimu (i-polar noma ubusuku bezinyanga ezingu-6 eduze ne-Antarctica).
• Mashi 21 i-equinox yasentwasahlobo. Kuleli qophelo ku-orbit, phakathi kobusika obusenyakatho/iningizimu yehlobo kanye nentwasahlobo ye-boreal/ekwindla yaseningizimu, Umhlaba udalula womabili ama-hemisphere elangeni futhi imisebe yawo ishaya ngokuqondile enkabazwe.

Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi kungani izinkathi zonyaka zenzeka.