Enye yezinhlelo zezintaba ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni yi Izintaba ze-Andes. Itholakala eNingizimu Melika futhi ibhekwa njengezintaba ezinde kunazo zonke futhi eyesibili ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngemuva kwe- Himalaya. Imvelaphi yegama laleli banga lezintaba alicaci kangako ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ivele ngamathuba amaningi. Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi i-andes ivela egameni anti kusuka kuQuechua ukuthi kusho ukuthini "ukuqhuma okukhulu." Abanye bacabanga ukuthi lisuselwa egameni elithi Antisuyo elingesinye sezifunda ezi-4 zombuso wamaInca.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici zobubanzi bezintaba zase-Andes nokubaluleka kwalo ngokuya ngemvelo nezinto eziphilayo zalo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uhla lwezintaba olufana nogu futhi luhlala esifundeni esinokuzamazama komhlaba okuphezulu kanye nentaba-mlilo. Lo msebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba nowentaba-mlilo uyimbangela yokuthi ube nokungazinzi kokuma komhlaba nokuba neziqongo eziphakeme kangako. Itholakala kufayela le- I-Pacific Ring of Fire. Yize inakho lokhu kungabi namandla, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo okukhulu, ine-oxygen ephansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu unakho Abantu bomdabu abambalwa abatholakala kuso sonke lesi sifunda abaguquguqukele kokukhululeka nokuphakama.
Umbuso wama-Inca ungomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu ababehlala endaweni yase-Andes ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Idolobha lakhona eliyisakhiwo sodumo iMachu Picchu lalikule ndawo ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ubude besilinganiso salezi zintaba cishe bangamakhilomitha ayi-7.000. Kububanzi obuphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-200 kuya kwangu-700, kuya ngendawo esikuyo. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kweziqongo lezi zintaba ezinakho kungamamitha angama-6962. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu kungukuthi I-Aconcagua.
Ukuze sithole lolu hambo lwezintaba kufanele siye esifundeni esentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika futhi siqala ukusuka ogwini lwaseCaribbean kuya esiqongweni esiseningizimu yezwekazi. Iwela ingqikithi yamazwe ayi-7 lapho sineColombia, iVenezuela, i-Ecuador, iBolivia, iPeru, iChile ne-Argentina.
Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu
Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu ezintabeni zase-Andes zitholakala ePeru, e-Argentina nase-Ecuador. Zonke ezinye iziqongo ezisezansi zitholakala enyakatho naseningizimu eyedlulele. Ububanzi bezintaba buqukethe izintaba nezintaba-mlilo eziningana phakathi kwazo okuyi-Aconcagua eyaziwayo nezinye ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo: INevado Ojos del Salado, iHuascarán, iChimborazo, iNevado del Ruiz, iGaleras neBonete.
Ezinye zezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu esinazo kule planethi yethu zikulezi zintaba. Sekukonke, kungabalwa ukuthi inezintaba-mlilo eziseduze eziyi-183. Lokhu kuba khona kokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nentaba-mlilo kusho ukuthi kunemithombo ethile eshisayo namanye amadiphozi amaminerali anentshisekelo enkulu kwezomnotho.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezintaba ze-Andes
Ingqikithi yalo lonke uhla lwezintaba ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba zonke. Owokuqala wawusendaweni esenyakatho efaka ingxenye yeVenezuela neColombia. Ingxenye yesibili ibhekwa njenge-Andes emaphakathi futhi ihambelana namadolobha aseBolivia, ePeru nase-Ecuador. Ekugcineni, sinengxenye yesithathu yezintaba ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Andes aseningizimu futhi iyahambisana nemizi yaseChile ne-Argentina.
Lesi sigaba sisebenza ukusungula uhlobo lomngcele wemvelo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene ahlala nale ntaba. Iphinde isebenze ukuhlukanisa ezinye zezifunda ngaphakathi kwamazwe ngokwawo. Yize izintaba ikakhulu zingaphakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo, kunezintaba eziphakeme ezithi ngenxa yokuphakama kwazo zimbozwa yiqhwa cishe unyaka wonke futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zihlala ekhaya lezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Lezi zinguzunga zeqhwa yizo ezisongela ukwanda kolwandle ngenxa yesivuvujikelele. Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo inezimo ezomile, ikakhulukazi endaweni esempumalanga. Kodwa-ke, uma uya entshonalanga ungathola umbuso wemvula ogcwele kakhulu.
Inendawo emangelengele ngenxa yalokhu kuzamazama komhlaba okuqhubekayo. Esifundeni saseAndes singathola amathafa amaningana endaweni ephakeme kakhulu lapho kutholakala khona amanye amadolobha aseNingizimu Melika abaluleke kakhulu njengeLa Paz, neQuito neBogotá. Leli thafa liyindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, livela phakathi kweBolivia nePeru ne Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-3.600 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Umsuka webanga lezintaba i-Andes
Leli golide elililayo livela enkathini ephakeme ye- Mesozoic. Zitholakala ngaphezu kwesifunda esisebenza ngamandla futhi ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuyizenzakalo ezivamile. Ukuba nomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuzamazama komhlaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi unezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu, lolu hambo lwezintaba lubhekwa njengolusha ngokwendawo.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kwavela ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwePangea nokuthi, ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs, sonke isifunda sasihlala echibini elikhulu noma olwandle oluphakathi nezwe. Ngemuva kokuhlukana kwePangea, amapuleti ama-tectonic aqhubekile nokuhamba phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka yenkathi yeJurassic kuze kube, ngesikhathi I-Cenozoic, ipuleti leNazca ne-Antarctic plate lahamba ngaphansi kwepuleti laseNingizimu Melika.
Lokhu kususwa kwamapuleti kwavela lapho kwakhiwa indawo engaphansi futhi amapuleti aqala ukushayisana. Lokhu kudale ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla acindezela uqweqwe futhi ngenxa yalokho kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okwadala ukuthi uqweqwe lududule futhi lugoqeke, lwakha izingqimba eseziyizintaba. Lezi zintaba futhi bezilokhu zikhuphuka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu edlule, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi omkhulu ngesikhathi seCretaceous and Tertiary.
Izimbali nezilwane
Ukuba yindawo enkulu, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezulu nezindawo. Ukuba nazo zonke lezi zimo zezulu kunenqwaba yezitshalo nezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Kunabantu abacebile okungahlala izidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela, kepha kwezinye izinkulungwane zezinhlobo eziphilayo zihlala ndawonye.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezivelele kakhulu sithola i- Amaxoxo amakhulu avela eLake Titicaca, ama-Andean cock-of-the-rocks, ama-llamas, ama-pumas, ama-hummingbirds nama-opossum, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuqondene nezimbali, amahlathi omile namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo avelele. Izimila zincane kakhulu lapho kukhona notshani.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezintaba ze-Andes.