Ngokungafani neNorth Pole, i-Antarctica iyizwekazi elinamadwala eligcwele izinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu. Nayi i- Izintaba zeTransantarctic futhi baziwa impela. Kuyinto eyingqayizivele yokwakheka kwemvelo okusika izwekazi lase-Antarctica futhi kulihlukanise libe izingxenye eziningana ezingalingani. Kubonakala ngokuba nezintaba eziningi ezinamadwala nezigodi futhi kucebe kakhulu ngemibukiso yezinsalela. Ngenxa yalezi zintaba kube khona ukukhulisa ulwazi oluningi emikhakheni efana ne-paleontology.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka kwezintaba zaseTransantarctic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengoba ukunotha kwezinsalela zalezi zintaba kuphakeme impela, kwaziwa ngabacwaningi abaningi njengemyuziyamu ye-dinosaur. Izintaba zaseTransantarctic zaqala ukubonakala ebalazweni ngohambo lwe umhloli wamazwe waseBrithani owaziwa ngegama likaJames Ross ngonyaka we-1841. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obulinganiselwe ngaleso sikhathi ukuze sikwazi ukusinda kulezi zindawo ezinzima, kube nezinkinga ezithile ukufinyelela ezinyaweni zeziqongo zendawo.
Kamuva ngo-1908 abacwaningi abaningana benza uhambo lokuwela uhla lwezintaba phakathi nohambo olude. Laba bahambi kwakunguScott, Shackleton, no-Amundsen. Ngenxa yalolu hambo, kungenziwa ukutadisha ngokucophelela izintaba zeTransantarctic. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngonyaka ka-1947, kwahlelwa umkhankaso okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi yi-high jump futhi bakwazi ukukhiqiza amabalazwe anemininingwane eyanele yesifunda ngayo yonke imininingwane etholakele. Ukuze kutholakale lonke lolu lwazi kwi-morphology yezintaba, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene kwezindiza ezindizeni.
Izintaba zeTransantarctic ziyi uhlelo lwamagquma asezintabeni akhiwa ngamatshe. Zilula ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana ukusuka oLwandle i-Weddell ziye ezweni lamaJazi. Njengamanje ibhekwa njengezintaba ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Yize ngendlela edumile i-Antarctica iyizwekazi elibandayo, okuthile okuyiqiniso ngokuphelele, kukhona idwala ngaphansi kweqhwa. Enyakatho yasenyakatho akukho ukwakheka kwamatshe, ngakho-ke ukuncibilika kwamakhokho eqhwa asezindaweni ezibandayo kungaveza ulwandle oluphelele. Endabeni yokuncibilika kwamakhekheba eqhwa ase-Antarctica, kuzokhuphula izinga lolwandle, ngoba wonke lawo manzi awanaso isikhala olwandle.
Izazi ze-geographer zibheka leli gquma njengomugqa ojwayelekile ohlukanisa i-Antarctica empumalanga nasentshonalanga e ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-480 ukusuka kuwo wonke amadwala esigxobo esiseningizimu.
I-Geology yezintaba zaseTransantarctic
Ngenxa yezifundo eziningi nolwazi olunikezwe yizintaba zaseTransantarctic, sekuyinkomba yokufundwa kwezinsalela. Igatsha lesayensi elaziwa ngokuthi I-paleontology yondliwe yimininingwane eminingi ngenxa yezintaba zeTransantarctic. Ngokomqondo wokuma komhlaba, lezi zintaba zahlonzwa njengendawo ebalulekile yokuqhuma komhlaba ebusweni.
Imvelaphi ibuyela emuva ekusebenzeni kwenyikima okusebenzayo cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-65. Amanye amabanga aphakathi kwemingcele ye-Antarctica anemvelaphi yakamuva kakhulu. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba zeTransantarctic finyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-4.528 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Yilapho ukutholakala kwezinsalela eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kutholakala khona. Amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka bekwenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe inani lezinsalela esimweni sezulu esimweni esifanelekile sokongiwa kwazo.
Yize ezikhathini ezedlule i-Antarctica yayinothile empilweni, namuhla imbozwe yiqhwa. Amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka eyedlule bekukhona isimo sezulu ebesisesimweni esifanelekile sokuthuthuka kwezinto eziphilayo, okuchaza ukuthi imvuthwandaba yezinsalela ikhona kulezi zintaba.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezintaba zeTransantarctic
Sizobona ukuthi yimiphi imininingwane eyinhloko yesithakazelo ekhishwe ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene zezintaba zeTransantarctic. Maphakathi nekhulu elidlule leminyaka, ukuhlukaniswa kweqhwa leqhwa elikhulu kunawo wonke ake abhalwa ngabaphenyi kungabonakala. Futhi ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ayakhuphuka kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni kwabantu. Ubuso bale glacier bangamakhilomitha angama-31.080, noma yini eyinsimu yamazwe athile aseYurophu.
Ikakhulu, kubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezome kakhulu emhlabeni lapho bekungekho khona imvula iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Engxenyeni yeSierra Vista yezintaba zaseTransantarctic ibizwa ngeTaylor Valley. Nansi impophoma lapho imifudlana igelezela ezansi futhi iguqule umbala obomvu ube yigazi. Abanye abacwaningi bachaza lesi simo futhi kungenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi akhiqizwa ngama-anaerobic bacteria. Ama-bacterium e-Anaerobic yiwo ahlala lapho kungekho i-oxygen futhi angadingi ukuthi aphile.
Ekubunjweni kwengxenye yesiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu sommango waseKirk-Patrick kwatholakala izinsalela zedayinaso enamaphiko. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka eyedlule, i-Antarctica kwakuyindawo eyakhiwe ngokuphelele yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-dinosaurs. Ubukhulu balezi zigwababa ezinkulu zezinsalela abulinganiswa. Futhi kwenzeke ukukhipha izinsalela zama-dinosaurs amancane adlayo njengeCryolophosaurus.
Elinye lamaphuzu adlulele kakhulu esiqongweni sezintaba zaseTransantarctic yiCape Adair. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu avela esifundeni sonke, izinsalela ziye zagcinwa zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Lezi zimo zilungele ukuthi isintu siqhubeke nokuthuthuka ekutadisheni ngemvelaphi nokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo kuze kube namuhla.
Iziphetho
Izintaba zaseTransantarctic zihlala ziyizindawo ezingakahlolwa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla. Khumbula ukuthi ukwakheka kwemvelo nge- ibanga elide kusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwempucuko nalapho kunezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu ukusinda. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-ridge ubuhle obuhle obukhumbuza imihlaba evela kwamanye amaplanethi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezintaba zeTransantarctic nezici zazo.