Ku-meteorology nakwisimo sezulu kunezimo ezithile ezibangelwa ukwehluka kwengcindezi ngokuhlangana nokujikeleza komhlaba. Enye yazo yi- anticyclone. Yindawo yengcindezi ephezulu lapho umfutho womoya uphakeme endaweni eyodwa kunakuyo yonke indawo ezungezile. I-anticyclone ibaluleke kakhulu ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi i-anticyclone iyini, izici zayo nokuthi yakhiwa kanjani.
Izimo zezulu zomhlaba
Izinguquko eziningi nokunyakaza emkhathini weplanethi yethu kunqunywa ukunyakaza komhlaba kanye nezici ezingajwayelekile zobuso bomhlaba. Umkhathi womhlaba uhlala unyakaza ngenxa yokuguquguquka komoya oshisayo ogeleza usuke ezindaweni ezishisayo uye ezigxotsheni bese ubuyela enkabazwe usuke ezigxotsheni uye emoyeni obandayo. Umkhathi osondele kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba ubizwa nge-troposphere, oqukethe umoya esiwuphefumulayo kanye nendawo lapho kwenzeka khona izimo zezulu ezinquma isimo sezulu somhlaba.
Imisinga yomoya emikhulu, umoya oshintshashintsha olwandle lomhlaba, ingabhekana nezinguquko zomzimba kuyo yonke indlela eya kuyo nezimo zemvelo ezizungezile. Isibonelo, lezi zinguquko zingaba sezingeni lokushisa noma lomswakama, futhi ngokuya ngezimpawu zomoya, zizocaca ngaphezulu noma kancane futhi zizohlala zingaphansi noma endaweni efanayo.
Ukujikeleza komhlaba kubangela ukuthi umoya ogeleza endaweni eshisayo ugobeke, okungukuthi, isisindo somoya sithola amandla aphambukisa indlela yaso. Lo mbutho, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi umthelela weCoriolis, usho ukuthi ikholomu yomoya ekhuphukayo enyakatho Nenkabazwe izongena ohlangothini lwewashi (ngokwewashi), kuyilapho ikholomu lomoya enyakatho Nenkabazwe yaseningizimu lizodlulela kolunye uhlangothi (ngokuphikisana nsewashi).
Lo mphumela awukhiqizi kuphela ukunyakaza okubaluleke kakhulu emoyeni, futhi kukhiqiza ukunyakaza okubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wamanzi. Lo mphumela uyanda uma useduze nenkabazwe, ngoba indawo yomhlaba inkulu futhi futhi iyindawo eqhelelene kakhulu maphakathi nomhlaba.
Yini i-anticyclone
I-anticyclone yindawo yengcindezi ephezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-1013 Pa) lapho ingcindezi yasemkhathini ingaphezulu kwengcindezi yomoya oyizungezile futhi inyuka isuka emaphethelweni iye ngasenkabeni. Imvamisa ingahlotshaniswa nesimo sezulu esivamile esizinzile, isibhakabhaka esikhanyayo nokukhanya kwelanga.
Ikholomu ye-anticyclone izinze kakhulu kunomoya ozungezile. Ngokulandelayo, umoya owela phansi udala into ebizwa ngokuthi iyacwila, okusho ukuthi ivimbela ukwakheka kwemvula. Vele, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi indlela umoya owehla ngayo iyohluka kuye ngesimo sendawo lapho itholakala khona.
Lokhu kuhamba kwe-anticyclonic kulula ukuthuthukisa ehlobo, okuqhubeka kubhebhethekisa isikhathi sonyaka owomile. Ngokungafani neziphepho, okulula ukubikezela, imvamisa zinesimo nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile. Ngokubanzi, ama-anticyclone angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu noma ngezigaba ezine.
Izinhlobo ze-anticyclone
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-anticyclone ngokuya ngezici zazo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- I-Atlas yaseTropical
- Amazwe ase-Continental Polar
- I-Atlas phakathi kochungechunge lwezivunguvungu
- Ama-Atlas akhiqizwa ngokuhlasela komoya we-polar
Owokuqala yi-atlas engaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo, umphumela uba i-anticyclone enkulu futhi ezacile, etholakala endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, ngokujwayelekile emile noma ihamba kancane. Kuleli qembu, kufanelekile ukukhuluma nge-anticyclone yama-Azores, okuvele ukuthi kube yi-anticyclone ebaluleke kakhulu, elawula isimo sezulu sesifunda kanye neziphepho ezizokwenzeka ngezikhathi ezibandayo.
Esesibili yi-anticyclone ebizwa nge-Continental Polar Atlas, eyakha futhi inyakaze ezwenikazi eliseduzane nasenyakatho ebusika kuze kube afinyelela emanzini afudumele futhi amuncwa yi-anticyclone eshisayo.
Iqembu lesithathu lama-anticyclone yi-atlas phakathi kochungechunge lwezivunguvungu, mancane ngosayizi futhi, njengoba igama lawo liphakamisa, livela phakathi kweziphepho. Iqembu lokugcina le-anticyclone yi-atlas eyenziwe ngokungena komoya we-polar, njengoba kusho igama layo, umoya obandayo ubamba ukushisa emanzini afudumele bese uguqula ube yi-anticyclone engaphansi komhlaba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-anticyclone neziphepho
Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukudidanisa i-anticyclone nesiphepho kwazise izivunguvungu zibizwa nangokuthi yisishingishane. Kodwa-ke, ziphambene. Ukuze ubone umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili zezulu, ake sibone ukuthi iyini incazelo yesiphepho.
Iziphepho zingumoya ohluka kancane ovame ukukhuphuka. Yindawo lapho ingcindezi yasemkhathini iphansi kunendawo ezungezile. Ukunyukela phezulu komoya kuvumela ukwakheka kwamafu, ngakho-ke, kuthanda nokukhiqizwa kwezulu. Ngamafuphi, ukuvunguza komoya kudliswa umoya obandayo futhi ubude bawo buncike enanini lomoya obandayo eliwuphethe. Lezi zinhlobo zezindimbane zomoya azizinzile kakhulu futhi ziyakheka futhi zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
Enyakatho Nenkabazwe, isiphepho sizungeza ngokwewashi. Isimo sezulu esiletha lezi zindimbane zomoya asizinzile, sinamafu, siyana noma sinesiphepho, futhi kwesinye isikhathi likhithika ebusika. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphepho:
- Okushisayo: Lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu kunelikamelo lokushisa, umoya uyakhuphuka. Ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, ukuhwamuka okunodlame kuzokwenzeka bese kuthi ukufinyela kwenzeke. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo zeziphepho, imvula eningi kakhulu yenzekile.
- Amandla: Ikhiqizwa yizinqwaba zomoya ezikhuphukela phezulu kwe-troposphere. Le nhlangano ingenxa yengcindezi inqwaba yomoya obandayo enayo futhi ehambayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi iyini i-anticyclone nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.