El Isimo sezulu esomile Kuyaziwa nangokuthi isimo sezulu sasehlane. Luhlobo lwayo lwesimo sezulu oluthinta kakhulu ukungabi bikho kwemvula yaminyaka yonke. Inenani lemvula kuphela elivela kuma-300 mm unyaka wonke. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalesi simo sezulu isilinganiso salo esikhulu sokuhwamuka komhlaba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi, indawo, izimbali nezilwane zesimo sezulu esomile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lwesimo sezulu lapho i-evapotranspiration iphezulu. Ukuphefumula kwe-evapotranspiration akusekho Kunokulahleka komswakama okwakha indawo ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sengeze ukuphefumula kwamanzi yizitshalo ezikulezi zindawo. Isamba sokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye noguquko lwezitshalo saziwa ngokuthi i-evapotranspiration. Lesi simo senza ukuthi inani lemvula lihlale emazingeni aphansi kakhulu unyaka wonke.
Le nqubo ingakhula ngenxa yesimo ukukhululeka kwesifunda esinakho, ngenxa yochungechunge lwemisinga ebandayo yasolwandle ekhawulela ukukhuphuka nokuthinta amazinga omswakama. Zonke lezi zinto zikhiqiza imvelo eyaziwa ngokuthi izingwadule ezisogwini. Ngokuvamile lezi zindawo zitholakala eduze kwezindawo ezishisayo. Kungaphezulu noma ngaphansi kububanzi obuphakathi kuka-35 no-15 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zindawo kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zezimila nezilwane ezikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa okuhlukahlukene ukuze ziphile kulezi zindawo ezimbi kakhulu.
Lezi zingwadule kuvame ukubhekiselwa kuzo njengoba zinenani elikhulu lesihlabathi namazinga okushisa afudumele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esomile singakhula nasezindaweni ezibandayo njenge-Antarctica nasenyakatho ye-arctic. Futhi ukuthi lezi zindawo zinamazinga aphansi kakhulu omswakama. Siyakhumbula ukuthi umswakama obangelwa yi-evapotranspiration yisici esiyinhloko esichaza isimo sezulu esomile.
Ngokuphambene, sibona ezinye izifunda zasogwadule ezinamanani aphezulu emvula nomswakama. Lezi yizindawo ezishisayo kakhulu ezithola imimoya ephezulu yomswakama unyaka wonke. Izimvula ezinayo kulezi zindawo azivamile futhi zibonakala ngesiphepho sikagesi. Ngemuva kokuthola lo mnikelo wemvula, imifudlana nenhlabathi zivame ukugcwala ngamanzi ngoba zingenawo amandla wokuhlunga. Kuhlala kuphela amahora ambalwa kusukela lapho amanzi ehwamuka kalula futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izici ezinquma isimo sezulu esomile
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile ezinquma ukuba khona kwesimo sezulu esomile esifundeni.
Ukuntuleka komswakama
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ukungabi khona komswakama isici esivelele kakhulu salolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu. Futhi ukuthi inani elikhulu lokoma litholakala kulezi zindawo. Akukhona ukuthi kuphela inhlabathi eyomile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvula, kodwa unjalo nomoya. Izifunda eziningi zinamaphesenti aphezulu okuhwamuka, lokhu kube amaphesenti aphezulu emvula. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni okuqhubekayo komswakama. Ezinye izingwadule ezishisayo zomhlaba zinelukuluku elikhethekile. Imvula yayo iyahwamuka ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini. Yize lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi esiningi, kunezimvula ezithile eziba nokuqhuma kokuphila kwezitshalo nezilwane. Lokhu kuvumela ezinye izindawo ukuthi zingangeneki ngokuphelele.
Kuyashisa futhi kubanda
Esinye isici isimo sezulu esomile esivelele ngomehluko phakathi kokushisa nokubanda. Kunezindawo ezithile ezomile eziba nobusika obubanda kakhulu kodwa ehlobo elishisa kakhulu. Enye yazo ugwadule iSahara ukuthi lo mthetho ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngenkathi ugwadule lwaseGobi lunezi zikhathi zombili. Amazinga okushisa ebusika awafiki eqandeni. Umhambi ongazilungiselanga lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu angafa ngokushiswa ukushisa emini noma afe yi-hypothermia ebusuku. Ngalesi sizathu, izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile zithathwa njengeziyingozi kubantu abangenalwazi.
Umhwamuko mkhulu kunemvula
Ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu esomile sibusa khona, ukuhwamuka kuvame ukwedlula imvula. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhlabathi ingakwazi ukusingatha ukumitha kwempilo yezitshalo. Inani lokuhwamuka ngokuvamile lifinyelela izikhathi eziyishumi kunaleso semvula. Lokhu ngokuqhubekayo kwenza umswakama ophelele wehle futhi wehle.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo sogwadule
Ugwadule nesimo sezulu esifudumele sisezindaweni ezisentshonalanga nakwezemvelo zikhula ebangeni eliphakathi neliphansi phakathi kwama-degree angama-20 nangu-35. Kulezi zifunda kunokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo komoya ngendlela ezinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi yizindawo lapho izingcindezi eziphakeme zikhuthaza khona izimo ezomile nezishisayo. Ngokuba nohlelo lokucindezela okuphezulu ngokuqhubekayo, kunokuzinza kwemvelo okungakuvumeli ukufika kweziphepho.
Isimo sezulu esomile esibandayo sogwadule sitholakala kulezo zindawo ezinendawo ephakeme kakhulu. Isibonelo, kukhona ugwadule lwaseTabernas e-Almería. Ngenxa yalokho, sinendawo yokuthi lezi zimo zezulu azincikile kakhulu ebangeni kodwa phezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezindawo eziwugwadule ezinamathuba amaningi okuzibonakalisa kulezo zindawo ezikude kakhulu nezindawo ezishisayo. Imvamisa lezi zingwadule ziqhamuka enkabazwe.
Imisebenzi yezomnotho esimweni sezulu esomile
Hlala wazi ukuthi abantu abakhula ngesimo sezulu esomile badinga imisebenzi eyehlukene yezomnotho. Abantu abahlala kulezi zindawo kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala nabo. Umsila onawo kulezi zingwadule uyindlala ngenxa yezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezivezwa yilezi zindawo zemvelo.
Imvamisa, iqembu labantu lizama ukugxila ogwini futhi ligcine ukusondela kweziqhingi nezigodi ezikhiqizwa ngenxa yemifula. Enye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zale miphakathi ukuthi iningi labo liyimizulane. Isizathu salokhu kufanele Ukuqinisa ngokuphelele kulezi zindawo ezinobutha kuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesimo sezulu esomile nezici zakhona.