La Sirius inkanyezi Yaziwa ngokuthi ikhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kwaziwa nangokuthi amagama kaSirius noma u-Alpha Canis Majoris. Kuyinkanyezi enhle emhlophe yobukhulu -1,46, etholakala cishe ku-8,6 light-years away. Inkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1,5 futhi ikhanya ngokuphindwe ka-22. Inomngane omncane, i-dwarf emhlophe, eyijikeleza njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-50, kodwa ayibonakali ngeso lenyama ngoba inokukhanya okungu-+8,4.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nenkanyezi uSirius, izici zayo, umlando othile nokunye okuningi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Le nkanyezi yaziwa amasiko amaningi asendulo futhi iyinkanyezi eyinhloko kumlaza i-Canis Major. Kuyinkanyezi kanambambili eyakhiwe izinkanyezi ezimbili, uSirius A noSirius B.. I-Sirius A iyinkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ekhanya kakhulu ohlelweni, futhi ikhanya ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-25 kuneLanga futhi inesisindo esiphindwe kabili. U-Sirius B, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyinkanyezi encane emhlophe futhi emfishane kancane kune-Sirius A. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lezi zinkanyezi ezimbili zizungezana njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-50.
Umbala weSirius ungenye yezinto ezigqamayo enazo. Emehlweni enyama, kubonakala sengathi inkanyezi emhlophe qwa, kodwa uma sibhekisisa, sizobona ukuthi ikhipha ukukhanya kwemibala eminingi, isuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iye kobomvu. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngenxa yokuthi inkanyezi ikhipha imisebe ku-spectrum ebanzi yamaza wamaza, okuholela ekukhanyeni okubonakala kumhlophe kodwa okunombala ocezile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSirius uyinkanyezi encane kakhulu ngokwesayensi yezinkanyezi, eneminyaka elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-230 kuphela. Uma kuqhathaniswa, iLanga lethu lineminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.6 ubudala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Sirius iseyinkanyezi esigabeni sayo sokukhula, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo izoshintsha ibe umdondoshiya obomvu bese kuba i-dwarf emhlophe.
Futhi iyinkanyezi eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba, ngebanga elilinganiselwa ku-8.6 light years. Ngenxa yokuba seduze nokukhanya kwayo, i-Sirius ibe isihloko sezifundo eziningi kanye nokubhekwa, okuvumele izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zifunde okuningi mayelana nesakhiwo nokuziphatha kwayo.
ukutholwa kukaSirius
Ukutholakala kwalenkanyezi kusukela kudala, njengoba sekungamakhulu eminyaka ingenye yezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu nezibonakala kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo babeyibheka njengenye yezinkanyezi ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukubonakala kwayo esibhakabhakeni kwaphawula isikhathi lapho uMfula iNayile uqala ukugcwala.
Ngo-1718, isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane UJohann Baptist Cysat waqala ukubona ukuthi uSirius wayenomngane emzileni wayo. Nokho, kwakuyisazi sezinkanyezi uWilliam Herschel ngo-1804 owathola ukuthi uSirius empeleni wayeyinkanyezi kanambambili.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningi kanye nokubhekwa kweSirius. Ngo-1862, isazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika u-Alvan Graham Clark waba ngowokuqala ukubona nokuthwebula umngane kaSirius esebenzisa isibonakude.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kokubili inkanyezi eyinhloko nomngane wayo kuye kwatholakala ukuthi banezici ezihluke kakhulu. Inkanyezi eyinhloko, uSirius A, iyinkanyezi yohlobo lwe-spectral i-A1V ene ubukhulu obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2,4 kuneLanga kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-9.940 degrees Kelvin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umngane wayo, uSirius B, uyinkanyezi encane emhlophe, okuyinkanyezi enkulu kunawo wonke ohlotsheni lwayo.
Umlando othile
Kuwo wonke umlando, uSirius ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile olwazini oluyisisekelo lwesintu. Izakhamuzi zasendulo zesiGodi seNayile zathola ukuhlobana phakathi kwezikhukhula zeNayile ezifika ngesikhathi kanye nokuvela kokuqala kweSirius emkhathizwe ngaphambi nje kokuntwela kokusa. Eqinisweni, lapho benza amakhalenda abo, abaseGibhithe bafaka enye inyanga ebizwa ngokuthi iThoth lapho inkanyezi uSirius, abayibiza ngokuthi uSotis, iphakama ngenyanga yeshumi nambili yekhalenda labo elivamile. AmaGreki abuye asebenzisa imibono yokubukeka kukaSirius ukuthuthukisa amakhalenda abo., cishe eshukunyiswe ukubonwa kwalawo mazwi okuqala.
U-Sirius futhi ungumlingiswa wokuqala wokunquma ibanga lezinkanyezi, nakuba lingalungile ngandlela-thile, njengoba kuyindlela yokuqala yokulinganisa. Kubonakala sengathi isazi sezinkanyezi saseScotland uJames Gregory (1638-1675) sakha indlela yokuqhathanisa ukukhanya kweLanga nokwezinkanyezi, sisebenzisa indawo lapho ukukhanya kunciphisa khona ngokulandelana kwesikwele sebanga eliphakathi kwazo. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, UGregory wasebenzisa ukukhanya kwenkanyezi okuboniswa uSaturn. Kamuva, u-Isaac Newton (1642-1727) waphetha ngokuthi i-Sirius iyibanga eliphindwe ngesigidi phakathi koMhlaba neLanga.Leli nani alilungile kodwa ngokuqinisekile liyisisekelo esihle kakhulu sokuqinisekisa amabanga e-cosmic ayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukubhekwa kwenkanyezi uSirius esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku
Ukukhanya kwawo kungu--1,46 magnitude, kudlulwa kuphela amanye amaplanethi, njengenyanga nelanga. Iyinkanyezi emhlophe ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-25 kuneLanga enezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kuka-9.940 K. Iyinkanyezi yesihlanu eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba. Ibanga ukusuka eMhlabeni yiminyaka eyi-8,6 yokukhanya.
Ingekamlaza we-Can Mayor futhi ibonakala kusukela kuma-latitudes amaphakathi emkhathizwe oseningizimu., hhayi phezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komkhathizwe. E-Spain, i-Sirius ivame ukubonakala phakathi nesikhathi esiningi sasebusika nentwasahlobo, kanti isikhathi esiphakathi kokuphela kukaJanuwari namaphakathi no-March kuba yisikhathi esivelele kakhulu sokubhekwa kwayo.
Ibonakala cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi ngaphandle kwasezifundeni ngaphezu kwe-73º latitude esenyakatho, ngakho kusukela ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwe-73º latitude eningizimu, uSirius uyinkanyezi eyindilinga (ihlala ibonakala). Isebenza njengereferensi yokuthola ezinye izindikimba zasezulwini njengamaqoqo avulekile uM41, M46, M47 kanye ne-M50.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenkanyezi uSirius nezici zayo.