Impela wake wayibona eyodwa Inkanyezi entwizayo futhi wenze into ejwayelekile ukwenza isifiso. Ngobusuku obugcwele izinkanyezi, isibhakabhaka esikhanyayo singabonakala ngokudubula izinkanyezi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, yini ngempela inkanyezi yokudubula? Kungaba yingozi? Ivelaphi?
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nenkanyezi yokudubula, imvelaphi yayo, izici zayo kanye nokufunayo.
Yini inkanyezi yokudubula
Inkanyezi yokudubula (noma ama-meteor, afanayo) iyinhlayiya encane (imvamisa iphakathi kwamamilimitha namasentimitha ambalwa). Ukufaka umkhathi womhlaba ngesivinini esikhulu, "ziyasha" ngenxa yokushayisana komoya (empeleni, ukukhanya kubangelwa yi-ionization) futhi bakhiqiza indlela elula edlula ngokushesha esibhakabhakeni, esiyibiza ngenkanyezi yokudubula.
Ukubukeka kwalo kuhluke kakhulu. Bangakhanya kakhulu noma kancane. Umzila wayo ungaba mfushane noma ube mude. Abanye bashiya umzila ogqamile isikhashana, kanti abanye abashiyi. Imvamisa ziyashesha kakhulu (ziyanyamalala ngaphambi kokuba sibe nesikhathi sokukhuluma!). Kepha ezinye zihamba kancane futhi zingahlala imizuzwana embalwa. Kwesinye isikhathi bakhombisa imibala: obomvu, ohlaza okotshani, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll. Ngokuya ngamakhemikhali okwakhiwa kwamameteor. Umsuka walezi zinhlayiya ungokwezinkanyezi ezinomsila, futhi izinkanyezi ezinomsila zilahlekelwa yimpahla yazo ziyishiye ngemuva.
Uma i-particle inkulu kakhulu (amasentimitha ambalwa), inkanyezi yokudubula izokhanya kakhulu, ibizwa nge-fireball. Esikubonayo amabhola omoya we-ionized awazungezile. Ukugqama kwezimoto kuyamangalisa, kuzenza zibukeke zihle ngisho emini. Abanye bangangena ezindleleni zabo, babonise ukukhanya noma ukuqhuma okuncane, noma benze imisindo. Imvamisa bashiya umzila oqhubekayo (lo umzila womoya we-ionized abawushiya ngemuva) noma ubheme. Kwesinye isikhathi zingakhanya ngokwanele ukuthi zibonakale ngemuva kwamafu, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi singabona amafu ekhanya isikhashana.
Zingabonwa nini?
Izinkanyezi zokudubula zingabonwa nganoma yibuphi ubusuku obucwathile, yize ngobusuku obuthile bonyaka, ziningi kakhulu futhi ukungqubuzana komkhathi kungashisa ama-meteor anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma inhlayiya inkulu kakhulu, kungenzeka ingakwazi ukubola ngokuphelele futhi ifinyelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngakho-ke i- meteor ibizwa nge- meteorite. Iplanethi yethu ibilokhu ithola ama-meteorite osayizi abancane kakhulu futhi ngisho nangaphezulu.
Esinye sezihlambi ezinkulu zemeteor yisimo samaPerseid, esaziwa kakhulu njengezinyembezi zikaSaint Lawrence. Lapho singazibona khona esibhakabhakeni maphakathi no-Agasti ngamathuba amakhulu.
Uma ufuna ukubona inkanyezi yokudubula, kufanele ucabangele ezinye izincomo. Akuphephile ukuphuma uye endle ubheke esibhakabhakeni bese ubona inkanyezi edubulayo. Kepha yebo, ngokulandela lezi zincomo, singakhuphula amathuba okubona eyodwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi zithini lezi zincomo:
- Kumele ushiye idolobha ebusuku bese ubheka iphuzu lokubuka emkhakheni lapho isibhakabhaka sicace ngokuphelele futhi akukho noma ukungcola okuncane kokukhanya. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kulezi zinsuku ukwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi sihlala ekungcoleni kokukhanya okubangelwa amadolobha. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ubukhona bokukhanyisa okwenziwe buvimbela isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, uma idolobha esihlala kulo ligcwele kakhulu futhi likhanya, kuzofanele sihambe ibanga elanele ukuze lingasithinti.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi isibhakabhaka sicace bhaNjengoba kunamafu kuwo, sizokwazi ukubona izinkanyezi. Akunconyelwa kakhulu ngezinkanyezi zokudubula phakathi nobusuku benyanga egcwele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwenyanga egcwele nakho kungadala ukungcoliswa kokukhanya futhi kungavimbela umbono wethu wezinye izinkanyezi ngandlela thile eduze kwaso.
- Okufanelekile ukubheka ubusuku obucace bha nenyanga entsha.
- Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwezibonakude noma izibonakude. Ukubheka ngqo kusebenza kakhulu lapho kwenziwa ngamehlo futhi uma amehlo akho esejwayele ubumnyama nokukhanya kwezinkanyezi.
Umsuka nomlando wenkanyezi yokudubula
Izinkanyezi zokudubula zibukeka njengezinkanyezi eziqhakazile ezikude ezidlula esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. Kodwa-ke, inkanyezi yokudubula akuyona inkanyezi nhlobo futhi ayikude kakhulu. Endulo, abantu babecabanga ukuthi ama- meteor ayeyingxenye yesimo sezulu, njengombani noma inkungu enkulu. Kepha manje siyazi ukuthi izinkanyezi zokudubula empeleni ziyizinto ezivela emkhathini. Izingcezu zedwala ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene zintanta esikhaleni. Amanye alawa matshe, abizwa ngokuthi ama-meteoroid, akhangwa inhlabathi nomkhathi wethu. Ukuheha kungenxa yesenzo samandla adonsela phansi woMhlaba, ngakho-ke kumaplanethi amakhulu, lezi zinto zinethuba lokuheha.
Lawa matshe (ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bezinhlamvu zesihlabathi) asondela emhlabathini ngejubane elifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-80 ngomzuzwana, nokushayisana komoya kuyabashisa baze bakhanye njengezinkanyezi. Uma ubona inkanyezi yokudubula, empeleni ubheka i-meteor evutha emkhathini. Kepha kufanele ubone inkanyezi yokudubula ngokushesha, ngoba imvamisa ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzwana noma emibili ngaphambi kokunyamalala ngokuphelele. Amanye ama-meteor afinyelela eMhlabeni awadli ngokuphelele emoyeni wethu. Cishe ama-meteor ayizigidi ezingama-75 ashayisana emkhathini wethu nsuku zonke.
Ezinye izifiso
Kufanele sisho ukuthi ukukhanya nobuningi bezinkanyezi zokudubula buhluka kakhulu. Sibona inani elikhulu lezinkanyezi zokudubula ezinesayizi elincane, elikhanyayo elincane, kanye nenombolo encane yalezo ezingakhanyi kangako ngakho-ke ezinkulu.
Lapho inkanyezi yokudubula inkulu ngokwanele, singabona ukuthi ishiya umkhondo womoya we-ionized ongahlala imizuzu embalwa. Umsila wenkanyezi yokudubula uyakhanya futhi umbala wayo uncike kwigesi e-ionized. Isibonelo, umzila oluhlaza ungadalwa yi-ionized (atmospheric) oxygen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezivuthayo zenkanyezi yokudubula zizokhiqiza umbala ohambelana nobubanzi bayo bokukhipha, futhi futhi kuya ngezinga lokushisa elifinyelelwe ngesikhathi sokuwa.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinkanyezi zokudubula nezici zazo.