I-nucleus ingeyokugcina kwe- izingqimba zomhlaba. Kuyaziwa nangegama le-endosphere futhi kuyisisindo esishisayo esisenkabeni yengaphakathi lomhlaba. Ekubunjweni kwayo singabona kokubili umnyombo oqinile ongaphakathi nengaphakathi langaphandle eliwuketshezi. Ngenxa yemisinga ye-convection ekhiqizwa ngomehluko wobukhulu bezinto ezise- Umnyombo womhlaba i Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba.
Kule ndatshana sizobona ukuhlaziywa okuphelele komnyombo woMhlaba nokubaluleka kwawo.
Umsuka nokwakheka
Umnyombo uqhamuke ngemuva kweplanethi. Ngenkathi umhlaba wakheka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-4.500 edluleKwakuyibhola nje elilinganayo ledwala elishisayo. Kancane kancane yayiphethwe ukubola okukhipha imisebe futhi ngokushisa okwanikezwa kusukela ekwakhekeni kweplanethi kwadala ukuthi kushise kakhulu kuze kufike ezingeni lokuncibilika kwensimbi. Lo mzuzu lapho uMhlaba ufinyelela kulawa mazinga okushisa wabizwa ngenhlekelele yensimbi. Izinto ezincibilikisiwe ezazisedwala nakho konke okwenziwe ngamatshe zazinyakaza kakhulu futhi kunejubane elikhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhamba kwezinto ezincane kakhulu njengamanzi, umoya nama-silicates, zaba yingubo yoMhlaba.
Ngokuphambene nezinto ezi-denser nezisindayo njenge-iron, i-nickel ne- ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo zikwazile ukudonsa amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba ziqonde enkabeni. Ngale ndlela, lokho esikwaziyo njenge-nucleus yokuqala yomhlaba yakudala kwakhiwa. Le nqubo yaziwa njengokuhlukaniswa kwamaplanethi futhi kulapho siqala khona ukubona ukuthi uMhlaba wakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezahlukahlukene ezinezici ezahlukahlukene nokwakheka.
Ukwakheka kwengqikithi yoMhlaba
Njengoba sazi, i Ukuqhuma komhlaba nengubo inothe ngamaminerali. Noma kunjalo, ingqikithi yomhlaba yakhiwe ikakhulu yinsimbi nensimbi ye-nickel. Sithola futhi izinto ezincibilika ngensimbi okuthiwa ama-siderophiles. Lezi zinto azijwayelekile neze ku-crust futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zibizwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu. Kulezi zinsimbi eziyigugu sithola i-cobalt, igolide ne-platinum.
Enye into esemqoka etholakala enkabeni yisibabule. I-90% yaso sonke isibabule eMhlabeni isenkabeni. Umnyombo waziwa njengengxenye eshisayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izakhiwo zangaphakathi ziyanda ngamazinga okushisa njengoba sikhula ngokujula. Noma kunjalo, unikezwe amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6.000 ahlukanisa nathi nobuso bomhlaba kuya emgodini woMhlaba, kunzima impela ukwazi ekushiseni okukhona kulesi sikhungo sensimbi esincibilikisiwe ne-nickel. Amazinga okushisa awafani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ziyashintshashintsha kuye ngcindezi, ukujikeleza komhlaba nokwakheka kwezinto ezakha i-nucleus.
Njengoba imisinga ye-convection idala ukuthi izinto zihambe, kukhona izinto ezithile ezifaka "okusha" emnyangweni ngenkathi ezinye zihamba futhi futhi zingasancibiliki. Lokhu kungenxa yokusondela noma ibanga lezinto ezisuka enkabeni nendawo yazo encibilika kakhulu.
Ucwaningo ngokuvamile luthi izinga lokushisa lomgogodla womhlaba Kusuka kuma-4000 degrees Celsius kuye kuma-6000 degrees, cishe.
Izici eziyinhloko
Phakathi kwezici zayo sibona ukuthi izinto ezifaka isandla ekushiseni okuyisisekelo ukubola kwezinto ezinemisebe ekhipha imisebe. Izinto ezisebenza ngemisebe zikhipha inani elikhulu lamandla lapho ziphuka. Lawo mandla aguqulwa abe ukushisa lapho ekhishwa. Ukushisa okusele ekwakhekeni kweplanethi kusekhona, kufudumeza umnyombo. Okunye okunikela ngokushisa ukushisa okukhishelwa kungqimba olungaphandle luketshezi futhi kuqinise emkhawulweni walo lapho kuhlangana nengqikithi yangaphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi umnyombo wangaphandle weplanethi yethu ungamanzi futhi ingqikithi yangaphakathi iqinile.
Njalo lapho sehla ukujula kwe-1 km ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba, izinga lokushisa lenyuka cishe ngama-degree angama-25 ngaphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-gradient geothermal icishe ibe ngama-degree angama-25. Umkhawulo ohlukanisa i-nucleus yangaphakathi neyangaphandle waziwa ngokuthi yi-Bullen discontinuity. Ingxenye engaphandle yomgogodla cishe ingamakhilomitha ayi-3.000 6.000 ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu. Kepha okubi kakhulu, iphuzu maphakathi lomgogodla womhlaba lingamakhilomitha ayi-XNUMX ukujula.
Ukukunikeza umbono wokuthi kuncane kangakanani esikugwaze khona iplanethi yethu, lokho umgodi ojulile owenziwe wehle kuphela nge-12,3 km. Kunjengokungathi kuvela e-apula, besingene esikhunjeni esincane kuphela (hhayi lokho).
Izendlalelo eziyinhloko
Ake sibhekisise izingqimba zomongo.
I-nucleus yangaphandle
Cishe ingama-2.200 km ubukhulu futhi yakhiwe ngensimbi kanye ne-nickel esimweni esingamanzi. Izinga lokushisa layo lizungeze ama-5000 degrees Celsius. Insimbi engamanzi kule ungqimba ine-viscosity ephansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingakhubazeka kalula futhi ibumbeke kalula. Kulokhu, kunemisinga ye-convection enamandla kakhulu edala amandla kazibuthe woMhlaba.
Ingxenye eshisayo yomongo wangaphandle itholakala ekuyekisweni kweBullen.
Umnyombo wangaphakathi
Ibhola elishisayo neliminyene kakhulu elakhiwe kakhulu ngensimbi. Izinga lokushisa lifinyelela cishe kuma-5200 degrees Celsius. Lapha ingcindezi icishe ibe yisigidi esingu-3,6.
Izinga lokushisa lomgogodla wangaphakathi lingaphezu kwendawo yokuncibilika yensimbi. Noma kunjalo, isesimweni esiqinile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nengqikithi yangaphandle, ingcindezi yasemkhathini iphakeme kakhulu futhi lokho kuyivimba ekuncibilikeni.
Ngalolu lwazi bazokwazi ukwazi kabanzi ngomongo woMhlaba nezici zawo.