Emkhakheni we-geology kanye ne-geography sinomqondo we Ingozi yendawo. Kuyaziwa nangegama lomumo womhlaba. Kuyisici esisithola ebusweni bomhlaba esiyingxenye yomhlaba. Izintaba, amagquma, amakhowe namathafa yizinhlobo ezi-4 eziyinhloko zezimo zomhlaba esizithola emhlabeni wethu. Lezi zakhiwo zomhlaba zaziwa ngegama lesici sokuma kwezwe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi ukwakheka komhlaba kuyini, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kunezinhlobo zokukhululeka okukhulu nokuncane. Izimo zomhlaba ezincane yilezo zemfashini, imihosha, izigodi nezindishi. Uma sihlaziya ukwakheka komhlaba siyabona ukuthi kungaba khona ngaphansi kwamanzi nangaphezulu komhlaba. Futhi ukuthi ngaphansi kwezintaba zamanzi namabheshi nawo ayakhiwa. Kwezesayensi, lolu hlobo lokukhululeka luye lwafundwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ukwazi i-morphology yaphansi kolwandle.
Ukuhlelwa komhlaba iyisici se-geomorphological unit ebusweni bomhlaba. Izakhi ngasinye eziyingxenye yosizo zinokuma okuthile emhlabeni wonke. Ukwakheka komhlaba kuyunithi elingelika-morphology lomhlaba futhi elihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba esingazibona emhlabeni. Ziyizici zokuma kwezwe ezinezici ezahlukahlukene futhi ngenxa yalokhu singazikhomba ngokubheka.
Landform nezinhlobo
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwakheka komhlaba okukhona:
- Ithafa: Kungumkhathi omkhulu womhlaba woboya obunamaphutha amancane. Lapho ukwehliswa kudlula ukuphakama akusabhekwa njengethafa. Amapheshana amakhulu omhlaba nezimila nezilwane eziyingqayizivele.
- Izintaba: zingamaqoqo wezintaba axhumene nomunye. Imvamisa bakha i-ecosystem iyonke enezici ezivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo okujwayele kuyo.
- IMontana: lapho sibona ukuthi indawo iphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-700 ukusuka ezansi kwayo, kubhekwa njengentaba.
- Ummango: zingasogwini oluphakeme oluwela olwandle ngokukhuphuka komhlaba. Imvamisa iba nemithambeka eyehlelayo futhi eyehle kakhulu. Uma umthambeka ungaphansi kommango awulona iwa.
- Iziqhingi: Bayiqembu leziqhingi ezisondelene. Futhi inebanga eliphakeme elingaba khona phakathi kwesiqhingi nesiqhingi ukuze bakhe iziqhingi zizonke.
- Bay: kungukungena kolwandle ogwini. Kunezindawo zeplanethi lapho ukungena kolwandle kuchazwa khona kakhulu kunezinye. Lokhu kungena kolwandle kungabangelwa ukuphuma komhlaba kubheke olwandle noma okuphambene nalokho.
- I-Delta: Kuyisiqhingi esisemlonyeni wemifula ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwezidalwa. Izifundo ezigelezayo, ikakhulukazi imifula, zithwala inzika lapho kugeleza khona. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ukuphakama nomthambeka kwehla futhi amadiphozi efakwa akha lezi ziqhingi ezincane esizazi njenge-delta.
- Ugwadule: Kuyindawo eyomile engenazo izimila ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvula nokudlulela kokuguguleka okweqile.
- I-Estero: yindawo enamanzi egcwele amanzi emvula. Imvamisa inhlabathi ilayishwa ngezinto eziphilayo futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lomswakama. Ngezikhathi zesomiso, le nhlabathi iyaqhekeka ngenxa yokushoda komswakama.
- I-Estuary: ngumlomo womfula. Kunama-morphologies ahlukene okuchaza imifula ngokuya ngokugeleza komfula. Imifula ebanzi kakhulu inamachweba amakhulu. Lezi ziziba zemifula zivamise ukuba nomsoco omningi, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukuzalanisa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
- Isiqhingi: Yisiqephu somhlaba esizungezwe ngamanzi nhlangothi zonke. Uma kuphela ingxenye yalo ingazungeziwe ngamanzi, kubhekwa njengenhlonhlo.
- I-Lagos: ungqimba lwamanzi lokujula okuguquguqukayo. Bajwayele ukuba namanzi ahlukanisiwe ngokuya ngombuso wamanzi. Uma amanzi emile, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhiqizwe izingqimba ezahlukahlukene, okuyi-thermocline. Lokhu akuyona into engaphezu kongqimba lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile phezu kobuso bonke.
- Ulwandle: Kungumkhathi omkhulu wamanzi anosawoti atholakala emboze ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba. Yize izilwandle zomhlaba sizibiza ngamagama azo ahlukene, zimane nje zingamanzi afanayo amboze ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba.
- Ithafa: yindawo eyisicaba ngaphakathi kwengqungquthela yezintaba. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ukuze ithafa libe khona kumele kube khona intaba egugile eminyakeni edlule. Kusengathi ithafa lalikhona esiqongweni sentaba. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi
Ukwakheka nokubaluleka kokwakheka komhlaba
Ake sibheke ukuthi yini inqubo yokwakheka kwezici ezahlukahlukene zokuma kwezwe. Iningi lazo livame ukwakhiwa ngama-plate tectonics. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingcwecwe ze-tectonic okwakhiwe ngazo ubuso bomhlaba zizoshintsha ngenxa yemigudu yokudlulisa amanzi engutsheni yomhlaba. Lokhu kushayisana okukhona phakathi kwamapuleti ama-tectonic yikhona okubangela ukuba khona kwengozi yendawo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokwakheka komhlaba yizinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba ezithinta ukwakheka komhlaba okuveza ushintsho nokuguqula izinhlobo zazo.
Kumele futhi kungezwe ukuthi ezinye izinqubo zebhayoloji nezici nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezici zendawo. Isibonelo, izinto ezahlukahlukene zebhayoloji ziye zithinte i-morphology yezindunduma, amakhorali, ulwelwe kanye nezixhobo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Lezi zinto zebhayoloji ziguqula ukuguqula ukwakheka kwezici ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Ake sibone ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ingozi yendawo. Iningi lazo libaluleke kakhulu kubantu, emadolobheni nasemiphakathini. Futhi lokhu kukhula okubaluleke kakhulu kwezinsiza zabantu, ukuheha izivakashi, isasasa lomlando nesithiyo semvelo esibangela kanye nokuma kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo sezulu. Kunezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu eziguqula ngokuphelele isimo sezulu sendawo yonke ezungezile. Ukuba ngumthombo wemithombo yabantu yemvelo, futhi kuyonga. Kunezindawo ezithile ezicebile ngokomnotho ngenxa yokuba khona komhlaba.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi luyini uhlobo lomhlaba nezici zawo.