Isibhakabhaka sasebusuku sasehlobo enyakatho nenkabazwe sibonisa umbukwane omangalisayo. Izinkanyezi ezingenakubalwa zikhanyisa umkhathi ongenhla, nge-Milky Way enwebeka inqamula amazulu ku-arc enhle ukusuka eCassiopeia kuya eSagittarius. Kuleli qembu lasezulwini, ukuminyana kwezinkanyezi kuphawuleka kangangokuthi, ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile ngesibhakabhaka ebusuku, umuntu angadideka kalula, okwenza kube nzima ukubona imilaza ehlukahlukene.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela Imaphi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi okulula ukuwabona ehlobo?.
Imaphi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi okulula ukuwabona ehlobo?
Kulabo abaqala uhambo lwabo lokuqonda umkhathi, izindawo zasemadolobheni zinikeza isiqalo esihle. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo, izinkanyezi ezakha amaphethini ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi zibonakala kalula, ngokuvamile okuwukuphela kwamaphuzu agqamile abonakala kulezi zibhakabhaka zasebusuku.
Ebusuku basehlobo enyakatho nenkabazwe, Kunezinkanyezi ezintathu ezigqamayo ikakhulukazi ezidlula ezinye. Lezi zinkanyezi ziyingxenye yezinkanyezi ezintathu ezihlukene futhi zihlangana ndawonye ukuze zenze i-asterism ehlukile ebusa isibhakabhaka sasebusuku basehlobo. Izinkanyezi okukhulunywa ngazo iDeneb (α Cyg) yomlaza iCygnus, i-Altair (α Aql) yokhozi lomlaza kanye neVega (α Lyr) yomlaza iLyra. Ndawonye, bakha Unxantathu Wasehlobo, inkanyezi ngayinye esebenza njengenye yama-vertices yalolu hlelo lukanxantathu.
Umsuka wegama elithi Deneb ungalandelelwa emuva kumlingani walo wesi-Arabhu, u-dhaneb, ohumusha ngokuthi "umsila." Leli gama lifanelekile njengoba iDeneb itholakala emsileni womlaza weCygnus. Ngobukhulu obubonakalayo obungu-1,25, ikhanya njengenkanyezi engu-XNUMX egqame kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. I-Deneb iyingxenye ye-A2 spectral futhi inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-omhlophe obabazekayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibanga layo ukusuka kithi lingaba iminyaka engu-1400 yokukhanya, nakuba kunempikiswano ethile mayelana nalesi sibalo.
deneb
Ngosayizi, i-Deneb inkulu ngempela, yenza iLanga lethu libe lincane ngenani elingu-200 njenge-supergiant emhlophe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomlaza we-Swan, ekhanda lawo, kune-Albireo ekhangayo, inkanyezi ekabili engabonwa ngisho nangezibonakude noma izibonakude. I-Swan futhi iyikhaya lama-nebulae aphumayo amaningana, okuhlanganisa i-North American Nebula, i-Pelican Nebula, i-Cocoon Nebula, i-Crescent Nebula, i-Tulip Nebula, kanye ne-Gamma Cygni Nebula ehlaba umxhwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni ezijulile njenge-nebula complex NGC 6914, insalela ye-Veil Nebula supernova, kanye neqoqo elivulekile i-M39 zingatholakala eduze kwaseDeneb naseSadr.
I-Altair
I-Altair, elinye igama lomsuka wesi-Arabhu, iwuhlobo olumhlophe A inkanyezi ekhanya ngobukhulu obubonakalayo buka-0,77, ibalwa njengenkanyezi yeshumi nantathu ekhanya kakhulu endaweni yasezulwini. Ngosayizi ocishe ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kane kunoweLanga lethu, I-Altair ihlala ebangeni elicishe libe yi-17 light years. Le nkanyezi iyingxenye yesistimu kanambambili, nakuba inkanyezi ehambisana nayo ibonakala imnyama kakhulu ngobukhulu obubonakalayo obungu-10.
Vega
Ibalwa njengenkanyezi yesihlanu ekhanyayo esibhakabhakeni, i-Vega inobukhulu obubonakalayo obungu-0,03. Le nkanyezi emhlophe iyingxenye ye-spectral engu-A0 futhi ivala iLanga ngosayizi, ukulinganisa cishe izikhathi ezintathu ezinkulu. Itholakala cishe eminyakeni engama-25 yokukhanya ukusuka emhlabeni wethu, I-Vega ihambisana nohlelo lwenkanyezi engumakhelwane olune-quadruple eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Epsilon Lyrae (ε Lyr), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-double-double. Ngisho nangosizo lwezibonakude izingxenye ezimbili ze-Epsilon Lyrae zingabonwa, kodwa ngokukhuliswa okuphezulu kuyacaca ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zingxenye iqukethe izinkanyezi ezimbili ngazinye.
Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sigameko se-stellar sizuze isiteketiso saso esiphindwe kabili. Ngaphakathi komlaza weLyra ungathola futhi iRing Nebula edumile (M57), i-nebula yeplanethi ehehayo.
Idada, iLyre kanye noKhozi
Phakathi kwezakhiwo zasezulwini ezibonakalayo esibhakabhakeni sasehlobo saseNyakatho nenkabazwe, asitholi nje i-Swan, i-Lyre kanye ne-Eagle, kodwa futhi neminye imilaza eminingana. Phakathi kwe-Swan noKhozi kukhona imilaza emine emincane futhi engaqondakali: I-Zorrilla (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Vulpecula) kanye ne-Sagitta, kokubili ngaphakathi kwe-Summer Triangle, kanye ne-Dolphin kanye neHhashi Elincane (Equleus). Lesi sakamuva sinqamula imilaza yasekwindla yePegasus ne-Aquarius. Ngaphakathi komlaza we-Zorrilla singamangala ngokuba khona kwe-Dumbbell Nebula (M27), i-nebula yeplanethi, kanye ne-nebula ephumayo i-NGC 6820.
Umlaza i-Lyra, nenkanyezi yawo evelele i-Vega, iqondisa ukunakekela kwethu ku-Hercules, umlaza okhulayo esibhakabhakeni sasehlobo. Nakuba u-Hercules engase angaziqhenyi ngezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo, idume ngokusingatha i-Great Hercules Cluster (M13), iqoqo elikhulukazi eliyimbulunga yonke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Elinye iqoqo lembulunga yonke eliphawulekayo, i-M92, nalo litholakala ngaphakathi kweHercules. Uma sisuka entshonalanga sisuka eHercules, sihlangana namaqoqo ezinkanyezi asentwasahlobo aseCorona. I-Borealis kanye ne-Boyero, kanti enyakatho kukhona umlaza oyindilinga we-Dragon.
Ukhozi noHercules
Esifundeni esiphakathi kwemilaza yoKhozi neHercules, naseningizimu, sithola imilaza emithathu egqamayo phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo: Isihlangu, i-Ophiuchus neNyoka. Isihlangu, Nakuba ingebanzi kakhulu, iphakathi nendawo enkulukazi ye-Milky Way., okwenza ukuyibuka kube inselele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ophiuchus iwumlaza omkhulu owaziwa nangokuthi iSerpentarium. Ngokuthakazelisayo, yake yaqashelwa njengomlaza weshumi nantathu we-Zodiac, kwaze kwaba yilapho abaseBabiloni benza inani libe ngu-12. Phakathi kweNyoka, kutholakala i-Eagle Nebula (M16) edumile, i-nebula ephumayo ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, u-Ophiuchus uhlotshaniswa no-Asclepius, unkulunkulu wezokwelapha, ovezwa ephethe inyoka enkulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umlaza weNyoka uhlukile ngoba uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezimbili: U-Ophiuchus ubamba umsila wenyoka ngesandla sakhe sokunene, owaziwa ngokuthi iSerpens Cauda, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ebambe ikhanda lesilwane esihuquzelayo ngesandla sobunxele, esibizwa ngokuthi Izinyoka. Caput.
I-Scorpio neLibra
Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ophiuchus, sithola imilaza ye-Scorpio ne-Libra, ehlotshaniswa nehlobo kanye ne-Zodiac. Ngokuqhubeka eningizimu, sithola umlaza weZodiac Sagittarius otholakala ngaphansi kweSihlangu.
Ngaphakathi isandiso esaziwa ngokuthi yiShield-Sagittarius-Scorpion-Ophiuchus, kunesifunda esigcwele ama-nebula amaningi namaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Ukuminyana kwezinkanyezi kuphakeme ngokumangalisayo futhi i-Milky Way ebabazekayo ihlobisa le ndawo ngobukhona bayo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ingqophamlando yomthala wethu itholakala ngaseSagittarius.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi okulula ukuwabona ehlobo.