I-Rover Curiosity

umshini womkhathi on mars

El rover Ilukuluku umshini wasemkhathini uye wahlola isibhakabhaka seplanethi i-Mars, uthwebula izithombe zamafu akhanyayo nenyanga ekhukhulekayo. Izinzwa zemisebe ye-rover zivumela ososayensi ukuthi balinganise inani losonkanyezi besikhathi esizayo bemisebe ephezulu abazovezwa kuyo endaweni ye-Martian, kusize i-NASA ithole ukuthi ingabagcina kanjani bephephile.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana neCuriosity rover, izici zayo kanye nokutholwa kwayo.

Izici eziyinhloko

isithombe selukuluku le-rover

I-Curiosity rover ingumshini wasemkhathini obulokhu uhlola i-Mars kusukela yahlala ngo-August 2012. Yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa yi-NASA, le moto yerobhothi iyingxenye yemishini ye-Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) futhi inezici eziningi ezihlaba umxhwele eziyenza ibe ngenye yamarover athuthuke kakhulu kuze kube manje.

Inkulu impela ilingana nemoto encane. Icishe ibe ngamamitha angu-2,9 ubude, amamitha angu-2,7 ububanzi namamitha angu-2,2 ukuphakama. Isisindo sayo siphelele singamakhilogremu angama-900. Ifakwe amasondo ayisithupha, ngalinye linobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-50, okuyivumela ukuba ihambe kahle futhi ihambe endaweni enzima ye-Mars.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zeCuriosity rover uhlelo lwayo lwamandla. Ihlanganisa i-radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), okuyinto isebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukubola kwe-plutonium-238 ukukhiqiza ugesi. Lo mthombo wamandla uvumela i-rover ukuthi isebenze isikhathi eside, ngisho nasezimweni ezibanda kakhulu zaseMartian.

Iphinde ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi zesayensi eziyinkimbinkimbi ebhodini. Inohlelo lokuhlaziya isampula olubizwa nge-SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars), olukwazi ukufunda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amatshe aseMartian kanye nenhlabathi. Ine-laser spectrometer engakwazi ukuhwamulisa izingxenye ezincane zezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze ihlaziye ukwakheka kwayo okuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamakhamera akhelwe ngaphakathi anokulungiswa okuphezulu athwebula izithombe ze-panoramic kanye nemininingwane ye-Martian surface.

Inengalo yerobhothi ecacile futhi inganwebeka ifike kubude obungamamitha angu-2,1. Ekupheleni kwengalo kunamathuluzi amaningi, ahlanganisa i-drill, ibhulashi, nekhamera, ekuvumela ukuthi uthathe amasampula futhi wenze ucwaningo ngokuqondile endaweni ye-Martian.

Uhlelo lwabo lokuxhumana luhlaba umxhwele. Isebenzisa ama-antenna anenzuzo ephezulu ukudlulisa idatha ngenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ye-NASA, okuvumela ososayensi abaseMhlabeni ukuthi bathole ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne-Mars ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukutholwa kwe-Curiosity rover

insika emhlabeni i-Mars

Phakathi kwezinto ezitholwe yiCuriosity rover ku-Mars okufanele sikwenze yanquma ukuthi amanzi awuketshezi, kanye namakhemikhali nemisoco edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe ukuphila, sekukhona eGale Crater okungenani amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. I-crater yake yaba nechibi, eliye lakhula futhi lehla ngosayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungqimba ngalunye olungaphezulu lwe-Mount Sharp lubhala ngendawo yakamuva ye-Martian.

Manje i-rover enesibindi inqamula umhosha ophawula ukushintshela endaweni entsha okukholelwa ukuthi yakheka lapho amanzi omile, eshiya amaminerali anosawoti aziwa ngokuthi ama-sulfate.

"Sibona ubufakazi bezinguquko ezimangalisayo esimweni sezulu sasendulo saseMartian," kusho usosayensi wephrojekthi yeCuriosity u-Ashwin Vasavada we-NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory eningizimu yeCalifornia. "Umbuzo manje uthi noma ngabe izimo zokuhlala iCuriosity ehlangabezane nazo kuze kube manje ziphikelele ngalezi zinguquko. Ingabe sebehambile unomphela noma sebefike badlula izigidi zeminyaka?

I-Curiosity rover yenze inqubekelaphambili emangalisayo entabeni. Ngo-2015, ithimba lathwebula isithombe "sekhadi leposi" sentaba ekude. Ichashaza elincane kuleso sithombe idwala elilingana neCuriosity elibizwa ngokuthi "Ilha Novo Destino," cishe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemva kokuba i-rover yalidlula ngenyanga edlule lisendleleni eya endaweni ye-sulfate.

Ithimba lihlela ukuhlola isifunda esicebile nge-sulfate eminyakeni ezayo. Kuyo, bacabangela okuhlosiwe okufana nesiteshi i-Gediz Vallis, okungenzeka ukuthi sakheke ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ngasekupheleni komlando we-Mount Sharp, kanye nokuqhekeka kukasimende okukhulu okubonisa umthelela wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba entabeni.

Bayigcina kanjani iCuriosity rover isebenza

Ilukuluku le-Rover

Abantu babuza ukuthi iyini imfihlo ye-Curiosity rover yokugcina le mpilo esebenzayo lapho eneminyaka eyi-10. Impendulo ithi ithimba lamakhulu onjiniyela abazinikele abasebenza kokubili e-JPL futhi bekude nasekhaya.

Leli qembu lihlela zonke izimfa zamasondo, lihlola wonke umugqa wekhodi yekhompyutha ngaphambi kokuba udluliselwe emkhathini, futhi libhoboza amasampula edwala angapheli eJet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Yard ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi lihlala liphephile emhlabeni obomvu.

Uma usufikile ku-Mars, konke okwenzayo kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi akekho noyedwa ku-100 million miles ongayilungisa,” kusho u-Andy Mishkin, umphathi wesikhashana wezinhlelo zeCuriosity kwa-JPL. "Konke kumayelana nokusebenzisa kahle okuku-rover."

Isibonelo, inqubo yokumba ishintshiwe izikhathi eziningana kusukela ihlezi. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-drill yayingasebenzi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka njengoba onjiniyela beyijwayela ukuze ibukeke njenge-drill ngesandla. Muva nje, isethi yezindlela zokubhuleka ezivumela ingalo ukuthi inyakaze noma ihlale endaweni iyekile ukusebenza. Yize ingalo ibisebenza njengejwayelo nesipele ebinayo, ithimba liphinde lafunda ukubhoboza imbobo ngokucophelela ukuze livikele amabhuleki amasha.

Ukuze banciphise umonakalo emasondweni, onjiniyela babeziqaphe ngeso lokhozi izingozi, njenge indawo engumqansa abasanda kuyithola, futhi bathuthukise i-algorithm yokulawula ukudonsa ukusiza.

Ithimba lathatha indlela efanayo yokuphatha amandla e-rover ayencipha kancane. Inamabhethri enuzi ahlala isikhathi eside esikhundleni samaphaneli elanga. Njengoba ama-athomu e-plutonium asemabhethrini ebola, akhiqiza ukushisa, okushintshwa i-rover kube ugesi. I-rover ngeke ikwazi ukwenza inani elifanayo lomsebenzi ngosuku njengoba yenza onyakeni wayo wokuqala, njengoba ama-athomu ahlukana kancane kancane.

UMishkin uthe iqembu liyaqhubeka nokuthola ukuthi i-rover isebenzisa amandla angakanani usuku nosuku, futhi selivele liwatholile imiphi imisebenzi engenziwa ngokuhambisana ukuze kwandiswe amandla atholakalayo we-rover. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela namakhono onjiniyela, leli qembu libheke phambili eminyakeni eminingi yokuhlola esisazobhekana nayo le rover enesibindi.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neCuriosity rover nezici zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.