Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngezinga elikhulu kwesinye isikhathi ingalindeleka, ngoba asazi kumillimitha bonke ubudlelwano nokuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Okuqinisekisiwe ocwaningweni olwenziwe yi-University of Córdoba (UCO) ngokubambisana ne-University of Wageningen, eNetherlands, ukuthi ihlathi laseMedithera lizoncishiswa kancane kancane lize lize likhucululwe eminyakeni engaba yikhulu ngenxa yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
I-UCO ibike esitatimendeni ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyindaba esematheni kakhulu ezingqungqutheleni nasemicimbini esezingeni lomhlaba jikelele okuyingxenye yemizamo yomphakathi wesayensi ocwaninga ukuthi yini okusengcupheni nokuthi yini elindele umhlaba.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu eMedithera
Imizamo yokunqanda ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ayiqine ngokwanele ukuvimbela amazinga okushisa omhlaba ekufudumaleni ngama-degree amabili kuya kwamathathu amaCelsius eminyakeni engaba yikhulu, okuholele emvuleni omncane.
Lo mbuzo ophazamisayo uholele iqembu locwaningo le-UCO ukuthi lifunde ukuthi izitshalo zisabela kanjani emazingeni okushisa anyukile. Ucwaningo luphenye izitshalo zisabela kanjani esomisweni nokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila nezilwane ezihlobene nazo zilulama kanjani ekulimaleni.
Umuthi we-cork oak ungenye yezinhlobo ezizothinteka kakhulu ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Iqembu labacwaningi le-UCO ligxile ehlathini laseMedithera, ngoba kulapho kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo eSpain. Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ihlathi laseMedithera lizohlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunesihlava esikhona kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu lolu hlobo lwendawo luzoguqulwa futhi lube yi-scrubland ikakhulu, ngoba izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zendawo ezifana nesihlahla se-sitrobheli noma isihlahla se-oki ziyonyamalala kancane kancane.
Ihlathi laseMedithera lithinteka kakhulu ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini «Biology yezitshalo«. Imininingwane yocwaningo yokuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo zalolu hlobo ziyaqhubeka namazinga okushisa andayo nokuntuleka kwamanzi, kulawula isikhathi abasichitha ku-photosynthesis. Ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, amaqabunga avula i-stomata yawo ukushintshanisa i-CO2 emvelweni futhi akhiqize i-oxygen. Kodwa-ke, ukuvulwa kwe-stomata kubangela ukuphefumula kwamanzi, ngakho-ke, ukulahleka kwawo. Njengoba ukushisa okuningi kusendaweni, kulahleka amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis.
Sikhuluma ngokulawulwa nokuvinjelwa kwenqubo ebalulekile yezitshalo, ejwayele ukwehliswa ehlobo nangesikhathi sesomiso ukonga amanzi. Ngentwasahlobo, ukuvulwa kwesitshalo kuya ngaphandle kuphakeme futhi nezinga le-photosynthesis liphezulu kakhulu, ngenkathi ehlobo amanani ehla futhi ekwindla, nezimvula, isitshalo siyalulama futhi sikhule. Ngale ndlela, ngezikhathi zesomiso, izitshalo zinciphisa kakhulu lokhu kuvuleka kuya ngaphandle cishe amahora amabili ngosuku futhi bakwenza okokuqala ekuseni.
Ucwaningo luye lwagxila nakwezinye izihlahlana ezithinteka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa nesomiso. Isibonelo, i-rockrose ihlupheka kakhulu ngezikhathi zesomiso, ize ilahlekelwe nangamaqabunga, noma kunjalo, ngemvula yokuqala yasekwindla, iba ngabokuqala ukuphola. Buhle isihlahlana esinaso ngaphezu kwezihlahla ukuthi zinezimo zazo eziguquguqukayo futhi zingaphila kangcono ezindaweni lapho izici zazo zemvelo zingavumi. IDockrose nayo inamandla amakhulu amakoloni ngemuva komlilo noma isomiso, ngakho-ke, uma izihlahla zincipha ngemuva kwemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, yi-rockrose ezohamba kancane ikoloni futhi iguqule ihlathi laseMedithera libe yihlathi.
Ama-oki ekhokho asengozini enkulu
Ama-oki e-cork awanawo amandla wokuzivumelanisa nokwehluka kwamazinga okushisa, isomiso nokunye okunjalo i-rockrose enakho, ngakho-ke ukululama kwabo ngemuva kwesiqephu salokhu kuhamba kancane kakhulu. Uma kulokhu sengeza ukuthi ukukhiqiza imbewu phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-30 kuyadingeka, lokho kuqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, okungukuthi - ngaphezu kwalokho okusebenza njengokudla kwezilwane eziningi bese kunyamalala ngokushesha, isihlahla se-oki sikakhokho siba yizinhlobo ezisengozini yokongiwa kwaso ekhulwini elizayo.
Ekuphetheni, lolu cwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ihlathi laseMedithera lizohlupheka kakhulu ngemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kune-scrubland nokuthi, ngakho-ke, amahlathi azohlehla kancane kancane ukuze enze uhlobo lwezinhlobo zokukhuhla.