Ukuze sihlukanise iplanethi yethu ezindaweni ezikhona futhi sikwazi ukubona kahle indawo yendawo ngayinye, i IGreenwich Meridian. Kungumugqa ocatshangwayo oxhumanisa iNyakatho yeNyakatho neNingizimu yeNingizimu yoMhlaba. Kungumugqa obhekele ukuhlukanisa umhlaba ube ama-hemispheres amabili, empumalanga nentshonalanga. Le yindlela iMeridian Greenwich esebenza njengesethenjwa somhlaba wonke ukuze ukwazi ukusetha isikhathi kuwo wonke amazwe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngeMeridian yeGreenwich, izici zayo nokuthi yenzelwe ini.
Yini iMeridian yeGreenwich nokuthi yenzelwe ini
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi iGreenwich Meridian ukuya eLondon, eyazalelwa eRoyal Observatory eGreenwich, eningizimu yenhlokodolobha yaseBrithani. Le ndawo ayaziwa kangako, kepha iyindawo ekahle yamaholide ohambo oluya eLondon ezinsukwini ezintathu. IRoyal Greenwich Observatory iyindawo ebabazekayo yokuqonda ukuthi iGreenwich Meridian ivela nini futhi kungani.
IRoyal Greenwich Observatory ibambe umbukiso ngokubaluleka kwesikhathi, ukuthi i-meridian yaklanywa kanjani, kanye nezivumelwano ezalandela zamazwe emhlabeni wonke zokubeka uhlelo lwezikhathi ngalo. Futhi, kusukela e-promontory lapho kutholakala khona i-Observatory, ungabona umbono ongajwayelekile weLondon (inqobo nje uma kunosuku olubalele).
IGreenwich Meridian isetshenziselwa ukumaka isikhathi esijwayelekile jikelele. Lo ngumhlangano, futhi kwavunyelwana ngawo eGreenwich, ngoba eNgqungqutheleni Yomhlaba eyayingo-1884, kwanqunywa ukuthi kube yimvelaphi ye-zero meridian. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMbuso WaseBrithani wawusenkathini enkulu kakhulu yokwandiswa kwawo, futhi kwakudingeka wenze kanjalo. Ukube umbuso ngaleso sikhathi wawungomunye, namuhla besizothi indawo ehlukile, njenge-zero meridian. Kusukela kumeridian yeGreenwich, indawo yesikhathi esebenza ezweni ngalinye nesifunda iyamiswa.
Isimo emazweni ase-Europe siyamangaza ngoba kunezindawo eziningana zesikhathi ezwenikazi lase-Europe, kepha ngokwe-Directive 2000/84, amazwe akha i-European Union uthathe isinqumo sokugcina amahora afanayo kuzo zonke izindawo ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwezepolitiki nezentengiso. Lesi siko sisetshenziswe emazweni amaningi kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I, lapho sasetshenziswa njengendlela yokonga uphethiloli. Kepha i-meridian yeGreenwich ihlala isetshenziswa njengesethenjwa.
Ukushintshwa kwesikhathi ebusika kwenzeka ngeSonto lokugcina ngo-Okthoba futhi kufaka phakathi ukuhambisa iwashi phambili ngehora elilodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ushintsho lwesikhathi ehlobo lwenzeka ngeSonto lokugcina ngoMashi, okusho ukuhambisa iwashi phambili ngehora elilodwa.
Umlando omncane
IRoyal Observatory eGreenwich yakhiwa yiNkosi uCharles II ngo-1675, futhi waqoka uJohn Franstead njengeRoyal Astronomer yakhe yokuqala. Inhloso icacile: ukwenza ngcono ukuzulazula olwandle nokuzama ukuthola ifomula yokubala ibanga. Kuze kube yikhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka, iGreat Britain yayingumbuso wasolwandle, ngakho-ke ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obunembe futhi obunokwethenjelwa bokuzula kwakuyindaba yezwe lonke.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukuzulazula bekwenziwa ngokunemba okuncane noma okuncane, kepha bekuhlala kunamaphutha amancane (noma amakhulu), angabiza kakhulu ngokubuka okubalulekile nakwezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1774, ngemuva kokumenyezelwa komncintiswano, uJohn Harrison, umbazi owagcina enza iwashi, waphakamisa uhlelo lokulinganisa ngokunembile ubude (ibanga eliphakathi kwamameridiya amabili) ebalazweni.
Ngokwesilinganiso sesikhathi, iRoyal Greenwich Observatory iqukethe i-meridian eyinhloko yomhlaba, kanti amanye ama-meridians adonswa kule meridiya futhi asetshenziswa njengesethenjwa sokumisa indawo yesikhathi. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kweGreenwich Meridian, kwakungekho mihlangano mayelana nesilinganiso sesikhathi noma ukuqala nokuphela kosuku. Yize kukhona iwashi, izilinganiso zehora Zenziwa intuitively kakhulu kuye ngokukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa kojantshi kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuxhumana ngekhulu le-XNUMX kuphoqe ukusungulwa kohlelo lokukala isikhathi emhlabeni jikelele oluqinisekisa ukugcina isikhathi nokunemba.
Lapho ukhona eSpain
Iphuzu lokuzalwa leGreenwich meridian yiLondon. Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, le meridian ixhumanisa izingongolo ezisenyakatho nezaseningizimu, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa amazwe amaningana namaphuzu amaningana. Isibonelo, imeridian yaseGreenwich idlula edolobheni laseSpain iCastellón de la Plana. Olunye uphawu lokuwela kweMeridiano lutholakala kumakhilomitha angama-82.500 omgwaqo we-AP-2 eHuesca.
Kepha, empeleni, iMeridiano idabula cishe yonke impumalanga yeSpain, kusukela ekungeneni kwayo ePyrenees kuya ekuphumeni kwayo ngesihlungi se-El Serrallo eCastellón de la Plana.
Inani lomlando le-meridian yeGreenwich
IGreenwich inezinto ezithile ezikhangayo okufanele uzibonele. IRoyal Observatory itholakala epaki elinegama elifanayo, okuyikhaya nezinye izindawo zamasiko ezingaziwa izivakashi zaseLondon. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, iGreat Britain yayingumbuso wasolwandle kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX. INational Maritime Museum itholakala kule ngxenye yedolobha futhi ilandisa ngendaba yabangasese kanye nokunqotshwa kwemikhumbi yaseBrithani. Vele, le yindaba esemthethweni kunazo zonke, ngoba bambalwa abantu abathi umndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani wakhokhela abaphangi baseBrithani ukuthi babambisane ekuhlukumezeni nasekuphangeni imikhumbi evela kwamanye amazwe anjengeSpain.
Umnyuziyamu unemifanekiso yemikhumbi, imibhalo, njll., Ekhanga abathandi bolwandle nalabo abafisa ukufunda kabanzi ngomlando wesizwe saseBrithani.
Njengenhlonipho kwabaseSpain, umnyuziyamu ukhombisa imvunulo yeqhawe laseBrithani u-Admiral Horatio Nelson. Ushonele eMpini yaseTrafalgar ngo-1805. Yize ayinqoba le mpi, abaseBrithani bahlanganyela kule mpi. Ukuphikisana namaqembu avela eFrance naseSpain. Impi Yenkululeko yaseSpain elwa noNapoleon.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeMeridian yeGreenwich nezimpawu zayo.