Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa ukuqina nokuvama kwemicimbi yezulu eyeqile njengesomiso nezikhukhula. Kulokhu, siya edolobheni i-El Torno, eColombia, elathinteka kakhulu ngesikhukhula esinamandla ngo-2010.
Ukuthi leli dolobha lonakaliswe yisikhukhula kwashukumisela isenzo nentuthuko ukuzilungiselela ngokumelene nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngale ndlela, i-El Torno namuhla iyikho konke isibonelo somthamo oguqukayo nokuqina ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu futhi nangendlela esimeme.
Izikhukhula ezidalwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Idolobha lase-El Torno lithintekile iminyaka eminingi yimvula enamandla enamandla edale umonakalo omkhulu nezindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yezikhukhula, UMnyango Wezemvelo kanye noHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezizwe Ezihlangene (UNDP) ubelokhu esebenza nabaholi besifunda ngasinye saseColombia kusukela ngonyaka we-2013 ukulungiselela izakhamizi nokwandisa ukuqina emiphumeleni yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izinhlelo zokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu zincike ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezolimo, ezezindlu kanye nemikhakha eyahlukene esiza ukujwayela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi noma ngabe zingaki izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezenziwayo, abasoze bakwazi ukugwema izehlakalo zemvelo ezeqisayo ezibangelwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, Yebo, banganciphisa imithelela lena enayo kubantu. Le mithelela ingaba ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, ezempilo, izinto ezibonakalayo, njll.
Izinyathelo ezilwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukwehlisa imithelela eveliswa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kulezi zindawo ngokusebenzisa izehlakalo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu, izinhlelo zenziwe, njenge, izitshalo zendabuko ezikhulayo ezingamelana nezikhukhula. Umbhede wembewu uthwalwa ngezimbewu ezikwaziyo ukuhluma emasimini amelana nezikhukhula. Ngale ndlela, njengoba singeke sikwazi ukugwema uzamcolo, okungenani ngeke sibe nokulahleka kwezomnotho kwamasimu ezolimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu yendabuko nayo iyamelana nezilokazane nesomiso (eminye imiphumela emibili edalwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu). I-UNDP nayo yenze ezinye izenzo ezinjenge ukudala amakhaya aguqulelwe ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi sekuxhunywe noxhaxha lweziteshi zamanzi ukuze zixwayise futhi zeluleke abahlali lapho uMfula iSan Jorge uqala ukuba usongo ngenxa yezimvula ezinkulu.
Lezi zinyathelo ziyamangalisa impela futhi zisiza ukunciphisa imithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kulezi zindawo. Ngeshwa, le mibono nezinto ezintsha zazingekho ngonyaka we-2010 lapho kwenzeka izikhukhula okwathi, ngenkathi zingabangeli ukufa kwabantu abaningi, ithinte abantu abangama-211.000 esifundeni saseLa Mojana, ukubhubhisa izitshalo, imvelo kanye nemizi engaphezu kwama-20.000 XNUMX.
Siyafunda emaphutheni
Ngenxa yale nhlekelele kanye nomthelela ezimpilweni nasezintweni zezikhukhula, uMnyango Wezemvelo kanye ne-UNDP baqale uhlelo lokulinga ukuvimbela imicimbi yezulu eyedlulele ekunciphiseni imithelela yayo nokudala umonakalo omncane. Lezi zinhlelo seziphenduke imikhuba emihle yokuvimbela izinhlekelele futhi sezivele ziyinkomba yansuku zonke endaweni. Lokho wukuthi, yizenzo ezenziwa yibo bonke abantu njengenani elivezwe kakhulu emphakathini.
Lawa maphrojekthi anesabelomali esilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyisishiyagalombili zamadola futhi ngenxa yawo kungenzeka ukugwema izinhlekelele ezinjengeMocoa avalanche. Ukugwema ukulimala kwezikhukhula, kuhlanyelwe ihlathi futhi ngemiphakathi ezungeze uMfula iSan Jorge ukuze kulawulwe inkambo yawo futhi ngasikhathi sinye unikeze izithelo notshani bemfuyo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunemiphumela eminingi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okunayo emhlabeni jikelele. Asikwazi ukugwema izehlakalo ezeqisayo ngaphandle uma kuncishiswa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.