I-gradient ye-geothermal

izingqimba zomhlaba

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ungabala izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi komhlaba. Iplanethi yethu inokujula kwamakhilomitha angama-6.000 ize ifike enkabeni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umuntu ufinyelele ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ayi-12 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, sinamasu ambalwa wokukwazi ukubala izinga lokushisa ngokujula. Ukwehlukahluka kwamazinga okushisa ngokuya kokujula kogqoko lomhlaba kwaziwa ngegama le- I-gradient ye-geothermal.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka kwe-gradient geothermal.

Yini i-gradient geothermal

i-gradient geothermal ekujuleni

I-gradient ye-geothermal akuyona enye into ngaphandle kokwehluka kwamazinga okushisa njengomsebenzi wokujula esikuthola thina. Izinga lokushisa lingalinganiswa kumakhilomitha okuqala oqweqwe lomhlaba futhi anda ngokujula kulandela ingcindezi emaphakathi yamazinga ama-3 ngamamitha ayi-100 okujula. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokwehluka kwamazinga okushisa nokujula kubizwa ngokuthi yi-geothermal gradient. Ukushisa kwemvelo kwengqikithi yomhlaba kungenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi. Kukhona nezinye izinto ezingena kulesi sibalo ukuze zikwazi ukubala izinga lokushisa.

Izici eziyinhloko

I-gradient ye-geothermal

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela kunani le-grother geothermal:

  • Izici zesifunda: isifunda lapho siqhamuka khona emhlabeni wonke kubalulekile ukwazi ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa. Isimo sokwakheka komhlaba nesakhiwo esikalini sesifunda singesinye sezici ezibeka ukwabiwa kwamazinga okushisa. Okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho kune-volcanism esebenzayo namuhla, izindawo lapho i-lithosphere incipha kakhulu, i-gradient geothermal iphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindawo lapho kungenamsebenzi wentaba-mlilo noma lapho i-lithosphere inokuqina okuhlukile.
  • Izici zendawo: ezingeni lasendaweni kakhulu kakhulu sibona umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezishisayo zamatshe. Kukhona amadwala anokuhamba okushisayo okuphezulu okhiqiza ukwehluka okubucayi kwe-lateral nokumile kwe-gradient ye-geothermal. Isici esinquma kakhulu inani lale gradient geothermal ukusakazwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Futhi into ukuthi amanzi anomthamo omkhulu wokukwazi ukusabalalisa kabusha ukushisa. Le yindlela esithola ngayo izindawo zokugcwalisa kabusha i-aquifer lapho i-gradient geothermal incipha ngenxa yokusakazeka phansi kwamanzi abandayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezindawo ezithile zokwehlisa lapho kwenzeka okuhlukile. Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ashisayo ekujuleni kubangela ukuthi i-gradient geothermal inyuke. Ngakho-ke, inani i-gradient geothermal elizolithatha lizohluka ngokuya ngesimo sokwakheka komhlaba nesakhiwo, umehluko phakathi kobuchwepheshe bamatshe nokusakazwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Zonke lezi zinto yizona ezenza lokhu kukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwehluka ngokujula.

Ukuhamba nokusakazeka kokushisa kwasemhlabeni

ingaphakathi leplanethi

Siyazi ukuthi ukushisa okukhishwa yiplanethi yethu kungalinganiswa ngokufudumala kokushisa komhlaba. Kungukushisa okulahlekelwa yiplanethi endaweni ngayinye nangesikhathi. Ukufudumala kokushisa komhlaba kubalwa njengomkhiqizo we-gradient geothermal kanye nokuqhutshwa kokushisa okushisayo kwaphakathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, inani le-gradient geothermal liphindaphindwe ngamandla wokuqhuba wokushisa wesilinganiso esithile lapho sikhona. Le yindlela esazi ngayo inani eliphelele lokulahleka kokushisa okukhona endaweni ethile.

Ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kuyindlela elula yokuhambisa ukushisa. Inani elijwayelekile lokushisa okushisa ezwenikazi yi-60 mW / m2, Engahle iye kumanani we-30 mW / m2 ezindaweni ezindala zamazwekazi - lapho i-lithosphere ijiyile - futhi yeqe amanani we-120 mW / m2 ezindaweni ezincane, lapho i-lithosphere incane kakhulu. Kulula impela ukubheka ezimayini nasemigodini emincane, izinga lokushisa kwezinto ezingaphakathi komhlaba liyakhula ngokujula.

Kunemithombo eminingi kawoyela lapho amanani we-100 degrees afinyelelwa cishe kumamitha ayi-4.000 wokujula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezindaweni lapho kunezintaba-mlilo khona, izinto ezehlukene zilethwa ebusweni bomhlaba emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aqhamuka ezindaweni ezijule kakhulu. Ingxenye yoqweqwe lomhlaba idlula amasentimitha ambalwa ukushuba. Kubonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi amazinga alo okushisa ancike ekushiseni okukhona kwendawo futhi kukhombisa ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokushona kanye nokwesizini. Ithonya lokushisa kwangaphandle lithinta kakhulu njengoba sijula.

Lapho sifinyelela ezingeni elithile lokujula, izinga lokushisa lihlala lilingana nesilinganiso sokushisa kwendawo kwendawo. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ozone engaguquguquki yezinga lokungathathi hlangothi.

Ukujula ne-gradient ye-geothermal

Ukujula lapho izinga lokungathathi hlangothi litholakala khona lapho amazinga okushisa ahlala njalo ahluka phakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2. Kuba kukhulu ngokwedlulele ngokwedlulele isimo sezulu esikhona emhlabeni. Ngezansi kokungathathi hlangothi kulapho amazinga okushisa aqala ukwanda ngokujula. Lokhu kwanda akufani kuzo zonke izindawo. Kokuthoma, kukha phezulu ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba, inani elijwayelekile le-gradient geothermal lingamamitha angama-40. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele uhambe ujule ngamamitha angama-33 ukuze ube nokukhuphuka kwezinga elingu-33 lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, Kusungulwa phakathi kwe-gradient ejwayelekile ye-geothermal ngama-3 degrees njalo ngamamitha ayi-100.

Amanani amaphakathi asebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezingaphandle kakhulu ze-cortex, ngoba ingagcinwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ekujuleni okukhulu amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kusukela izinto zincibilika ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa kuphela.

Namuhla siyazi ukuthi iningi le-geophysicists lilinganisela ukuthi amazinga okushisa ezingxenyeni ezijulile zeplanethi awadluli ama-degree ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngokuningi, abanye balinganisela amanani cishe ama-degree ayi-5.000 XNUMX. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kwegradient eshona phansi ngokujula lapho kufinyelelwa inani elithile elingaphansi komhlaba.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-gradient geothermal nezimpawu zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.