Ukufika komuntu enyangeni kwakuyingqophamlando kuso sonke isintu. Kwenziwa ngenxa yemojula yenyanga ye-Apollo 11 spacecraft. imodyuli yenyanga kuthathe izici ezisekela uhambo olusuka eplanethini yethu ukuya kwisathelayithi yethu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici ze-module yenyanga ye-Apollo 11, ukuthi yakhiwe kanjani kanye nemininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nohambo.
Izici ze-Lunar Module yomkhumbi-mkhathi we-Apollo 11
I-Apollo 11 Lunar Module kwakuyindiza-mkhathi eyavumela u-Neil Armstrong kanye no-Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin ukuba behlele phezu kweNyanga ngo-1969. I-Lunar Module, aka "Ukhozi", yayiklanyelwe ukufeza umsebenzi obalulekile: ukuthola osomkhathi ukusuka emzileni wenyanga ukuya phezu kweNyanga bese ubuyela emkhathini womyalo.
Le mojula yayinezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: imojula yokwehla kanye nemojula yokukhuphuka. I-Lander yayiyingxenye yemojuli yenyanga eyayihlala endaweni yenyanga. Yayinomumo oyi-conical futhi ihlome ngakho imilenze yokwehla emine esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokufika. Iphinde ibe nerempu egoqelwe ngaphandle komnyango ongaphambili ukuze osomkhathi bakwazi ukuphuma bahambe endaweni yenyanga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imojula yokukhuphuka yayiyingxenye yemojuli yenyanga ehlukene nemojula yokwehla ukuze ibuyisele osomkhathi kumkhumbi-mkhathi womyalo. Yayimise okwesilinda futhi ifakwe injini yokwenyuka enikezayo umfutho odingekayo ukuze usuke eNyangeni futhi uhlangane nomkhumbi-mkhathi womyalo emzileni wenyanga.
I-Lunar Module yakhelwe ukuthi ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa futhi iqine ngokwanele ukumelana nemvelo enzima yenyanga. Yayakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-aluminium ne-titanium alloys, futhi izindonga ze-cabin zambozwa ungqimba lwe-thermal insulation ukuvikela osomkhathi ekushiseni okukhulu nokubanda.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zemodyuli yenyanga kwakuwuhlelo lwayo lokuzulazula nokuqondisa, olwaluvumela osomkhathi ukuthi bahlale ngokunembile endaweni ethile endaweni yenyanga. Isistimu isebenzise inhlanganisela ye-radar namakhompyutha ukubala isivinini semojuli yenyanga, ukuphakama, kanye nesimo esihlobene nendawo yenyanga.
Umsuka wemojula yenyanga
Kwakuhlelwe nini ukunqoba iNyanga, kwaklanywa amasistimu ahlukene okuyisa abantu kusathelayithi yethu yemvelo futhi babuyele eMhlabeni. Okukhethiwe kwakuwukuthi abantu ababili behle nemodyuli yokufika kwenyanga, ingxenye engezansi eyayiklanyelwe ukusebenza njengendawo yokwethulwa lapho kuphuma khona.
Lapho becubungula izindlela zokumisa i-orbital docking, onjiniyela baseLangley Research Center babheke amamodeli amathathu ayisisekelo amamojula enyanga. Amamodeli amathathu avele ngokushesha abizwa "Simple", "Economic" futhi "Luxury".
Inguqulo "elula" ibhekwa njengengaphezu kwemoto evulekile phezulu ekwazi ukusekela umuntu ogqoke isudu yasemkhathini amahora angaba nesisindo esingamathani amabili. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-propellant esetshenzisiwe, imodeli "yomnotho", eklanyelwe ukuhlalisa amadoda amabili, inzima ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kwezintathu kunamamodeli angaphambilini.
Ekugcineni, indlela ebhekwa njengephephile kakhulu kwakuyindlela ye-"deluxe" yokukhetha kusengaphambili umsebenzi. Esigabeni sesiphakamiso, ochwepheshe bakwa-Grumman, abawine umncintiswano wezokwakha, babone ngeso lengqondo isihleli senyanga njengento equkethe amathani angu-12 e-propellant ezungezwe "isakhiwo sewashi" esingamathani angu-4 esimbozwe ezindongeni eziwugqinsi ze-aluminium. Lalibukeka njengegobolondo leqanda.
Ngaba neyodwa ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-7 futhi, imilenze inwetshiwe, ububanzi obuyi-9,45 m. Yayakhiwe izingxenye eziyisigidi, ikakhulukazi ama-transistors amancane, ikhebula elingamakhilomitha angu-40, imisakazo emibili, imishini ye-radar emibili, amamotho kagesi ayisithupha, ikhompyutha, kanye nesethi yemishini yokuhlola kwesayensi enyangeni.
Konke lokhu kwakufanele kusatshalaliswe ngamayunithi amabili amakhulu, abizwa ngama-ups and downs, ngalinye lihlonyiswe ngerokhethi yalo.
module yokwehla
Kwakuyingxenye yomkhumbi-mkhathi we-Apollo 11 owathinta isathelayithi yethu. Yakhiwe nge-aluminium alloy, i-octagonal in shape, imilenze emine ehlanganisiwe futhi iqukethe amabhethri, izindawo zokugcina umoya-mpilo kanye nemishini yesayensi ukuze ihlale futhi ihlale phezu kwenyanga. Yayingu-3,22 m ubude kuhlanganisa imilenze kanye no-4,29 m ububanzi ngaphandle kwemilenze.
Izandiso ezisemaphethelweni ama-spars amabili amakhulu zinikeze ukusekela egiyeni lokumisa. Wonke ama-struts afaka izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka ezakhiwe ngezinto ezigogekayo zekhekheba lezinyosi ukuze zimunce ukushaqeka kokufika.
Igiye lokufikela lokuqala lalinwetshwa ngezansi kwe-hatch eya phambili futhi lalinamathiselwe kwiladi osomkhathi ababengalisebenzisa ukuze bafinyelele endaweni yenyanga futhi bakhuphukele phezulu. Isisindo esiningi nesikhala sesiteji sokwehla sabelwa amathangi amane aphehlayo kanye nerokhethi yokwehla, ikwazi ukusebenzisa u-4.500 kg wokusunduza.
Phakathi nomsebenzi wokusondela, injini yokwehla yavulwa ukuze kuqalwe ukuwa kwemodyuli yenyanga ukusuka kubude obuyi-110 km. Cishe kumamitha angu-15.000 ngaphezu komhlaba, bekufanele iqale kabusha ngesikhathi sokunye ukubhuleka ukuze igcine imojuli yenyanga yehla futhi ihamba kancane ize ithinte indawo engaphezulu kancane.
imojula yokukhuphuka
Kwakuyingxenye engenhla yemojula yenyanga, enesikhungo somyalo, imojula yabasebenzi, namarokhethi ayesetshenziselwa ukwethula izimoto endaweni yenyanga. Yayinobude obungu-3,75 m futhi yayihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: indawo yabasebenzi, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo kanye nendawo yemishini.
Imojuli yabasebenzi ibihlala ngaphambili kwekheshi, futhi osomkhathi bangabuka ngamafasitela angunxantathu. Amalungu eqembu ayengenazo izihlalo, ngakho kwadingeka asukume, eboshwe ngamabhande angeminyene kakhulu ukuze angabalimazi.
Ngaphansi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo kwakunamarokhethi akhuphukayo, aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu ayi-1.600 okuphonseka futhi akwazi ukuvutha futhi aphinde akhele. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi amandla adonsela phansi enyanga abuthaka, ingxenye yesithupha yoMhlaba, akudingi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla anamandla ashukumisayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nesigaba sokukhuphuka.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemojuli yenyanga ye-spacecraft ye-Apollo 11 kanye nezici zayo.