El Ugwadule lweSonoran iyingxenye yomhubhe omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo ezomile eNyakatho Melika osuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeWashington uye esifundazweni sase-Hidalgo emaphakathi nezwe laseMexico, futhi usuka enkabeni yeTexas uye ogwini lolwandle. I-Peninsula yaseBaja California.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nogwadule lwe-Sonoran, ukuthi yiziphi izici nokubaluleka kwalo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lo mhubhe owomile ongamakhilomitha-skwele acishe abe yisigidi uhlukaniswe izingwadule ezine ezinkulu:
- I-Basin Enkulu.
- I-Mojave Desert.
- I-Sonoran Desert.
- Ugwadule lwaseChihuahuan.
I-Greater Chihuahuan Desert iqukethe uchungechunge lwezindawo eziphansi ezizungeza i-Gulf of California noma uLwandle lwaseCortez. Nakuba iyinhlangano eyodwa e-United States, lapho ingena eMexico iphinde ingene endaweni eyomile yezwekazi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Sonoran Desert, kanye nogwadule olugudla ugu olugudla inhlonhlo ye-Baja California. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Baja California Desert.
Lolu gwadule oluyinkimbinkimbi lweSonora-Baja California, njengoba siluchaza lapha, ihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angu-101,291 ogwadule lwase-Baja California kanye namakhilomitha-skwele angu-223,009 ogwadule lweqiniso lwaseSonoran. Sekukonke, amaphesenti angama-29 (amakhilomitha-skwele angama-93,665) ale ndawo eyihlane ase-United States, namaphesenti angama-71 asele (amakhilomitha-skwele angama-230,635) eMexico. Silinganisela ukuthi kuze kufike ku-80% wendawo ewugwadule isala injalo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ezungezile, izintaba ezisoGwadule LwaseSonoran aziphakeme, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ngamamitha angama-305. Izintaba ezidume kakhulu yizintaba zeChocolate neChaquewara eCalifornia, izintaba zaseCofa naseHaquajara e-Arizona, nezintaba zasePinacote eMexico.
I-Sonoran Desert Climate
Lesi sifunda singesinye sezindawo ezomile nezishisa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, namazinga okushisa ehlobo angaphezu kuka-38°C. Ubusika bumnene, amazinga okushisa kaJanuwari aphakathi kuka-10ºC no-16ºC. Izingwadule eziningi zithola imvula engaphansi kuka-250 mm ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, cishe wonke amanzi asetshenziswayo avela endaweni engaphansi noma emifuleni ehlukahlukene, njengeColorado, Gila, Salt, Yaqui, Fuerte kanye neSinaloa, enqamula ugwadule esuka ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ukulima okuniselwa ngenkasa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho wesifunda, futhi izinga lamanzi lehle kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. I-Central Arizona Project iwuhlelo olukhulu lokuzenzela oluhlinzeka ngezigidi zamalitha amanzi nsuku zonke. ukusuka eMfuleni iColorado ukuya ogwadule olusempumalanga, ikakhulukazi izindawo zasePhoenix naseTucson.
Flora
Kule ndawo enkulu, izitshalo zidlula izigaba ezimbili, inkathi evundile kanye nenkathi eyomile, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ezilwaneni ezihlala kuyo. Njengazo zonke izingwadule ezinkulu zaseNyakatho Melika, i-Sonoran Desert ibonakala nge-cacti enkulu, uhlobo lwe-cacti oluvame ukuvela kumafilimu e-cowboy. Le cacti ethokozisayo ihluka ngosayizi ukusuka kusayizi wesithupha kufika ku-15 m, azinawo amahlamvu, zinameva okuzivikela ezilwaneni ezomile, banesiqu esinamanzi ashisayo, izimpande zabo ziklanyelwe ukubamba amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingafinyelela kumathani ayi-10, izingxenye ezine kwezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu zingamanzi. Futhi zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-200 futhi zikhule kancane, zikhule imitha njalo eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-50.
Nakuba ugwadule luyizwe elicezile nelibonakala lingenalutho phakathi nesomiso, lapho kunetha imvula yokuqala, ukuphila kuphinde kubonakale kuyipharadesi. Konke kugcwele umbala i-cacti eqhakaza ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi nomhlophe, amaxoxo aphuma emibhedeni eyomile kusukela emachibini ukuze kwande, imbewu yedandelion elele eqhakaza futhi ikhiqize imbewu eyengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungafi kwayo.
Yonke into iba yizwe eliluhlaza nelinemibalabala. Izihlahla ezifana ne-palo blanco, i-palo iron, i-toote, i-palo verde, ne-mesquite zinezinye izinhlelo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, njengokukhula osebeni lwemifudlana nasemagqumeni, ezimfushane kunomoya onxephezelayo, futhi banokhuni oluqinile nezimpande ezinde ezingaguga. Gcoba emhlabeni uze uthole indawo yokugcina amanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla somumbu sicishe sibe nezimpande lapho sisebasha, kodwa lapho sesithole amanzi siyakhula.
I-Sonoran Desert Wildlife
Kanti, izilwane zasogwadule lwaseSonoran zisebenzisa isimiso sazo sokusinda, futhi izinambuzane ezinjengezicabucabu nofezela ziye zafunda ukuphila ngokunethezeka kuleli zwe elihlukile. Amanye amaqanda ezimfanzi alala emachibini omile, futhi lapho egcwala, lezi zilwane ziyaphila. Kungakholeki njengoba kungase kubonakale, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezinhlanzi ezingwadule zase-United States naseSonora, futhi ngamunye wabo usethole nendlela yokuphila esimweni sezulu esiphambene nemvelo yabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nenqwaba yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifana nezibankwa, oxamu, izibankwa, izinyoka, izimfudu nezinyoka ezakha amakhaya abo ogwadule.
Izinyoni nazo zikhona, futhi ntambama e-Aguayes ungabona ondlunkulu, iziqophamithi, amajuba, izigwaca nezihambi zizophuza, futhi laba ababili bokugcina babonakala begijima emahlathini. Kukhona nezinyoni ezidla inyama, njengondlunkulu, ezidla izinyoni ezincane namagundane, njengegundane le-kangaroo noma i-kancito.
Ezinye izilwane zasoGwadule LwaseSonoran zakhiwe izilwane ezincelisayo, eziningi zazo, njengezimpungushe, izimpungushe, amagundane, onogwaja nonogwaja, ezihlala emigodini engaphansi komhlaba eqhelelene ngokuphelele nezwe langaphandle, kokubili ngenxa yokushisa nelanga, amakhaza nesomiso. , bayoqongelela ukudla kulezi zindawo zokukhosela ukuze baphile. Nokho, ama-cougars ahlala emihumeni nasezindaweni zokukhosela emadwaleni.
Ezinye izilwane zasogwadule njengezimvu zophondo olukhulu nezinyamazane zomnyuzi ezihlala emadwaleni nasezintabeni ezingafinyelelekiZiyizindondo zokuzingela eziyigugu ngenxa yezinyamazane zazo ezinhle, yingakho abazingeli behlale bezifuna futhi bazibeke ocingweni lokuqothulwa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nogwadule lwe-Sonoran nezici zalo.