Namuhla sizoya ngaseziqalweni eziphawula isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. I-eon yokuqala emaka umlando weplanethi yethu. Imayelana ne-Precambrian. Leli igama elidala impela, kepha lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhombisa inkathi yoMhlaba ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamatshe. Sizohamba siye ekuqaleni koMhlaba, eduze nesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwawo. Izinsalela zitholakale lapho amanye amatshe e-Precambrian abonakala khona. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi "impilo emnyama."
Uma ufuna ukwazi konke okuhlobene nale nkathi yeplanethi yethu, kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokutshela konke. Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Ukuqala kweplanethi
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwelanga
I-Precambrian ihlanganisa cishe i-90% yawo wonke umlando woMhlaba. Ukuze uyifunde kangcono, ihlukaniswe izikhathi ezintathu: I-Azoic, Archaic neProterozoic. I-Precambrian eon yiyo ehlanganisa sonke isikhathi se-geological ngaphambi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-600. Le eon ichazwe njengaleyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi seCambrian. Namuhla, noma kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuthi impilo eMhlabeni yaqala ekuqaleni kwe-Archaic nokuthi izinto eziphilayo ezifakwayo zagcwala kakhulu.
Iziqeshana ezimbili i-Precambrian inayo yi-Archaean neProterozoic. Leli yilo elidala kunawo wonke. Amadwala aneminyaka engaphansi kwezigidi ezingama-600 ubudala athathwa njengaphakathi kwePhanerozoic.
Isikhathi sale eon siqala kusukela ekwakhiweni kweplanethi yethu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.600 edlule kuze kufike ekuhlukaneni komhlaba. Yilapho izimpilo zokuqala zama-multicellular ezaziwa ngokuthi yiCambrian Explosion zavela lapho iCambrian iqala. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-542 edlule.
Kunososayensi abathile ababheka ubukhona besikhathi sesine ngaphakathi kwePrecambrian ebizwa ngeChaotian nokuthi kungaphambi kwabo bonke abanye. Ihambisana nesikhathi sokwakhiwa kokuqala kohlelo lwethu lwelanga.
Azoic
Lesi sikhathi sokuqala senzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 neminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweplanethi yethu. Isimiso sonozungezilanga ngaleso sikhathi sasakha ngaphakathi kwefu lothuli negesi elaziwa ngokuthi i-solar nebula. Le nebula yakhipha ama-asteroid, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, izinyanga namaplanethi.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi uma uMhlaba ungqubuzana neplanethi enosayizi weMars obizwa ngeTheia. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kushayisana izokwengeza u-10% wobuso bomhlaba. Imfucumfucu yalokhu kushayisana yanezela ndawonye ukwakha inyanga.
Kunamadwala ambalwa kakhulu kusukela esikhathini se-Azoic. Kusele izingcezu ezimbalwa zezimbiwa ezitholakale ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba e-Australia. Kodwa-ke, kwenziwa izifundo eziningi ekwakhiweni kwenyanga. Bonke baphetha ngokuthi uMhlaba wahlaselwa ukushayisana kwama-asteroid njalo kuyo yonke inkathi ye-Azoic.
Kule nkathi yonke indawo yoMhlaba yayilimaza kakhulu. Izilwandle zaziyidwala eliwuketshezi, isulfure ebilayo, nezindawo ezinomthelela kuyo yonke indawo. Izintaba-mlilo bezisebenza kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba. Kwakukhona nemvula yamatshe ne-asteroid engapheli. Umoya wawushisa, ujiyile, ugcwele uthuli nokungcola. Emuva ngaleso sikhathi kwakungeke kube nempilo njengoba siyazi namuhla, ngoba umoya wawenziwe nge-carbon dioxide nomhwamuko wamanzi. Kwakunemikhondo ethile yamakhemikhali e-nitrogen nesibabule.
Okudala
Igama lisho lasendulo noma lasendulo. Kuyinkathi eqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine eyedlule. Izinto zishintshile kusuka esikhathini sabo sangaphambilini. Iningi lomhwamuko wamanzi owawusemoyeni waphola futhi wakha ulwandle lomhlaba jikelele. Iningi le-carbon dioxide nayo yahamba yashintsha yaba i-limestone futhi yafakwa phansi olwandle.
Kulesi sikhathi umoya wawenziwe nge-nitrogen kanti isibhakabhaka sasigcwele amafu nemvula ejwayelekile. Udaka lwaqala ukuphola lwakha ulwandle. Izintaba-mlilo eziningi ezisebenzayo zisakhombisa ukuthi ingqikithi yoMhlaba isashisa. Izintaba-mlilo zazakha iziqhingi ezincane, ngaleso sikhathi, okwakuyiyona ndawo kuphela eyayikhona.
Iziqhingi ezincane zashayisana zakha ezinkulu futhi, nazo, zashayisana zakha amazwekazi.
Ngokuqondene nokuphila, ulwelwe olunentambo eyodwa kuphela olwalukhona ezansi kolwandle. Ubuningi bomhlaba babenele ukufaka umoya wokunciphisa owenziwe ngemethane, i-ammonia namanye amagesi. Yilapho izinto eziphilayo ze-methanogenic zazikhona. Amanzi avela kuzinkanyezi ezinomsila nangamaminerali ahlanjululwe agcwala emkhathini. Kwakunochungechunge lwezimvula ezinamandla emazingeni e-apocalyptic akha ulwandle lokuqala lwamanzi angamanzi.
Amazwekazi okuqala e-Precambrian ayehlukile kulokho esikwaziyo namuhla: ayemancane futhi enezindawo zamatshe angenalutho. Ayikho impilo eyaphila ngabo. Ngenxa yomoya oqhubekayo womhlaba owawuncipha futhi upholile, amabutho aqoqana ngezansi futhi adudulela abantu phezulu phezulu. Lokhu kudale ukwakheka kwezintaba eziphakeme namathafa akhiwe ngaphezu kwezilwandle.
I-Proterozoic
Sangena esikhathini sokugcina se-Precambrian. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Cryptozoic, okusho ukuthi impilo efihliwe. Kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-2.500 edlule. Idwala elanele elenziwe ezihlangu ukuqala izinqubo zokubonakala komhlaba. Lokhu kuqale ama-tectonics epuleti amanje.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona izinto eziphilayo ze-prokaryotic kanye nobudlelwano obulinganayo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubudlelwano be-symbiotic babungunaphakade nokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kwaqhubeka nokwakha ama-chloroplast kanye ne-mitochondria. Kwakungamaseli okuqala eukaryotic.
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.200 eyedlule, ama-plate tectonics aphoqa idwala lesihlangu ukuthi lishayisane kwakha uRodinia (igama lesiRussia elisho "umama womhlaba"), izwekazi lokuqala elikhulu eMhlabeni. Amanzi asogwini aleli zwekazi elihle ayezungezwe ulwelwe lwe-photosynthetic. Inqubo ye-photosynthesis yayengeza umoya-mpilo emkhathini. Lokhu kubangele ukuthi izidalwa ze-methanogenic zinyamalale.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane seqhwa, izinto eziphilayo bezinokuhlukahluka okusheshayo. Eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zazingama-cnidarians afana ne-jellyfish. Lapho izinto ezithambile sezivelise izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, i-Precambrian eon yaphela ukuqala i-eon yamanje ebizwa ngePhanerozoic.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukufunda okuthile kabanzi ngomlando weplanethi yethu.