Inkanyezi kaHalley

Uzwile neze I-Halley comet ngesinye isikhathi empilweni yakho futhi ungahle ungazi ukuthi kunjani nokuthi kusebenza kanjani. Iqiniso ukuthi kuyinkanyezi enomsila umzila wayo odlula eMhlabeni njalo eminyakeni engama-76. Kungabonakala lapha njengokukhanya okukhulu okukhanyayo. Ingenye yezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezinebanga elifushane kunalezo ezisebhande leKuiper. Olunye uphenyo luqinisekisa ukuthi umsuka walo uku I-Oort Cloud nokuthi ekuqaleni bekuyi-comet enendlela ende kangako.

Abanye ososayensi babheka uHalley's Comet njengowokuqala umuntu angabona kuze kube kabili empilweni yakhe. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi izimfihlo namandla we-comet edume kakhulu emhlabeni? Qhubeka ufunde ukuthola konke.

Uyini futhi uyini umsuka weHomet's Comet

Yize kuyinkanyezi enomsila edume kakhulu emhlabeni, abantu abaningi namanje abazi ukuthi iyini. Kuyinkanyezi enomsila enobukhulu obukhulu nokukhanya okuningi okungabonakala eMhlabeni futhi okune-orbit ezungeza ilanga njengeplanethi yethu. Umehluko maqondana naye ngukuthi ngenkathi yethu ukujikeleza kokuhumusha njalo ngonyaka, IHalley's Comet njalo eminyakeni engama-76.

Abaphenyi bebephenya ukuzungeza kwayo selokhu yagcina ukubonwa emhlabeni wethu ngo-1986. Le nkanyezi enomsila yaqanjwa ngososayensi kwatholakala ngu-Edmund Halley ngo-1705. Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esizayo lapho kungabonwa khona emhlabeni wethu cishe unyaka ka-2061, mhlawumbe ezinyangeni zikaJuni noJulayi.

Ngokuqondene nemvelaphi, kucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwa kwi-Oort Cloud, ekugcineni kwe- Uhlelo lomkhathi. Kulezi zindawo, izinkanyezi ezinomsila eziqhamukayo zine-trajectory ende. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi iHalley ibifushanisa umzila wayo ngoba ibibhajwe yimidondoshiya emikhulu yegesi eseSolar System. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi ibe nerekhodi elifushane kangaka.

Imvamisa zonke izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezinazo i-trajectory emfushane ivela ku-Kuiper Belt futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, leli bhande kuthiwa linomsuka weHalley's Comet.

Izici ne-orbit

Njengoba idume kakhulu emlandweni, kuyinkanyezi enomsila efundwe ngokuphelele. Umzila wayo waziwa ngokudlula endaweni yemvelaphi njalo eminyakeni engama-76. Lokhu kufushane kakhulu ngekhayithi elijwayelekile. Yize ivela ku-Oort Cloud, i-trajectory iyafana nawo wonke ama-comet angaphansi kwebhande le-Kuiper.

Ngokuvamile, i-trajectory ijwayelekile futhi ichazwe kahle futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubikezela kwakho kulula kakhulu. Kuze kube manje kunomlando wayo yonke iminyaka esidlulile selokhu yatholakala futhi, kungalunga impela ngomkhondo wayo.

Ngokuqondene nezici zayo zangaphakathi, kungabonakala ngesakhiwo esiphelele futhi senziwe nge-nucleus ne-coma. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkanyezi ezinomsila, inkulu ngosayizi futhi iyakhanya impela. Yize kungumzimba omnyama, ukhanya ngokwanele ukuthi ungabonakala ebusweni bomhlaba. I-nucleus inobukhulu obungamakhilomitha ayi-15 ubude no-8 km ubude nobubanzi. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi ibizwa ngokuthi ikhayithi elikhulu. Ukuma kwayo okujwayelekile kungafana nekinathi.

Ingqikithi yakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene njengamanzi, i-carbon monoxide ne-dioxide, i-methane, i-hydrocyanuric acid, i-ammonia ne-formaldehyde. Ubude besikhathi sokuhamba kwaleli khayithi bufinyelela amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziningana.

I-orbit ye-Halley's Comet iyi-elliptical ngesimo nokubuyela emuva. Ukuqondiswa okulandelayo kuphambene nokwamaplanethi nokuthambekela kwama-degree angu-18. kuvamile kahle futhi kuchaziwe, okwenza kube lula ukutadisha nokucwaninga.

Izobuya nini iHomet's Comet?

Ukuthi isazi sezinkanyezi saseBrithani u-Edmund Halley wayengowokuqala owakwazi ukubala umzila wenkanyezi enomsila akusho ukuthi kwakungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili ebusweni bomhlaba. Le nkanyezi enomsila ibilokhu ibonakala phezulu njalo eminyakeni engu-76. U-Edmund Halley ukwazile ukubikezela nokubala indlela yezinkanyezi ezinomsila sibonga okunye ukubonwa okwenzeke ngaphambilini.

Esokuqala sabonwa ngonyaka ka-1531 ngu-Appiano noFracastoro. Ichazwe njenge-comet enkulu, emise okamantongomane. Kwakunokukhanya okukhulu futhi kwakungabonakala kalula ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngemuva kweminyaka, ukubonwa kukaKepler noLongomontanus nakho kungaqoshwa ngo-1607, okungukuthi, eminyakeni engama-76 kamuva. Lapho ekwazi ukuyibona ngamehlo akhe ngo-1682, wamemezela ukuthi cishe yayingaphinde ibonwe ngo-1758.

Ngalokhu kutholakala indlela uHalley abizwa ngayo le nkanyezi enomsila. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe kumagazini Ijenali yeCosmology uveza ukuthi ukubonwa kokuqala kwale nkanyezi enomsila kwakungo-466 BC, mhlawumbe ngenyanga kaJuni kuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Ukubona okulandelayo kwaqoshwa izazi zezinkanyezi zaseChina ngonyaka we-240 BC. Kusuka kulelo rekhodi, sekuvele izikhathi ezingama-29 kuze kube manje ngomkhondo weminyaka engama-76. Uma ugcine ukubonana ngo-1986, Izophinda ibonakale futhi ngonyaka we-2061-2062.

Curiosities

Njengoba ungalindela, inkanyezi enomsila ebaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni inesifiso esithile okufanele usazi. Siziqoqa lapha:

• Ngaphandle kokukhanya okukhulu ikhipha, IHalley's Comet ingumzimba omnyama.
• Ngenxa yokuvela kwenkanyezi enomsila ngo-1910 babekhona ukuzibulala okungaphezu kuka-400 ehlobene nalesi simo esimboze isibhakabhaka sasePeru ngombala ongajwayelekile.
• Ngenxa yale comet, izinkulungwane zezincwadi nezindaba kuhlobene.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungazi kahle inkanyezi enomsila edume kakhulu emlandweni.