Olunye lolwandle okuthi, noma lungabonakala lungafani nalo, lucebe kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi lusebenza kahle esimweni sezulu seplanethi i-Antarctic Ocean. Kuyaziwa nangamagama oLwandlekazi lwaseNingizimu kanye nolwandle oluseNingizimu. Ingenye yolwandle ebhekwe njengolwandle endaweni yokugcina. Siwahlukanisa namanye ngoba iyona kuphela enqamula izwekazi futhi ilizungeze ngokuphelele.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nezinye izimfihlo zoLwandle i-Antarctic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ulwandle olutholakala eningizimu yezwe lomhlaba wethu. Umkhawulo walolu lwandle ukuhlangana kwe-Antarctic lokho Itholakala cishe ngama-degree angama-60 eningizimu kanye nogu lwe-Antarctica. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuphela kolwandle olukwazi ukuzungeza izwekazi ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sizathu, ihlanganisa wonke amagquma ezwekazi lase-Antarctica. Ulwandle oluxhuma izingqimba zolwandle eziseningizimu kanye nobuso bolwandle nezingqimba zamanzi ezijulile.
Indawo ephelele yoLwandle i-Antarctic ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-21.960.000. Njengakwezinye izilwandle emhlabeni, futhi inezilwandle eziningana ngaphakathi kwayo. Kulokhu sithola ama-Weddell Seas, uLwandle lwe-Lazarev, i-Riiser-Larsen Sea, i-Amundsen Sea, i-Sea of Cosmonauts, i-Sea of Cooperation, i-Davis Sea, i-Bransfield Strait, ingxenye ye-Passage of IDrake, uLwandle i-Urville, uLwandle iSomov, ingxenye yoLwandle iScotland kanye neRoss Sea.
Okukhulu kakhulu imisinga yolwandle kweplanethi yethu ilapha. Yaziwa njenge-Antarctic Circumpolar yamanje futhi inethonya elibalulekile esimweni sezulu seplanethi. Futhi ukuthi lo msinga futhi unokuxhumana nezinye izilwandle futhi kuthonya isimo sezulu. Lokhu okwamanje kuthwala amanzi ayi-cubic metres ayi-135-145 wezigidi ngomzuzwana ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga ngamakhilomitha angama-20,000 0.5 e-Antarctic ngejubane lamamitha ayi-XNUMX ngomzuzwana.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Antarctic Circumpolar Current ukusabalalisa konke ukushisa kwenqwaba yamanzi phakathi kwendawo nenye kwenye emhlabeni. Lokhu kudluliswa kokushisa kubanga umehluko emazingeni okushisa emizimbeni yamanzi. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge-gradient yethempelesha. Njengoba sazi, kunikezwe umehluko wezinga lokushisa lamanzi nomoya, ukunyakaza okuthile komoya kwenzeka ngengcindezi yasemkhathini. Futhi ngukuthi imimoya ijikeleza kusuka lapho kunengcindezi enkulu yasemkhathini iye lapho kunengcindezi encane yomkhathi.
Konke lokhu kunyakaza kwenqwaba yamanzi emazingeni okushisa ahlukene yilokho okukhona ukugxambukela ezimvuleni zemvula neziphepho.
Izici ze-Atlantic Ocean
Uma sihlaziya bonke ubukhulu balolu lwandle sibona ukuthi bunokujula okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-4.000 kuya ku-5.000 17.968 futhi luhlanganisa ngokuphelele amakhilomitha angu-XNUMX olwandle lwase-Antarctic. Ezindaweni eziseduze nezwekazi i-Antarctic sithola i- Ipulatifomu yezwekazi engamakhilomitha angama-260 ububanzi ngokwesilinganiso nobukhulu obungamakhilomitha angama-2.600. Kuyo yonke le ndawo sithola ingcebo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo.
Ukushisa kwalolu lwandle kuvamise ukuba phakathi kwamadigri ayi-10 kuya ku-2. Ngaphandle kwalokho ongakucabanga ngamazinga okushisa aphansi olwandle lolu, alukaze lube yiqhwa ngokuphelele. Umehluko weqhwa esimweni sezulu se-Antarctic kusho ukuthi lolu lwandle alunamoya noma amagagasi amakhulu kakhulu ngoba la mazinga okushisa aphikisana phakathi kwawo. Singathola ngesikhathi sasebusika kusuka kuma-65 degrees eningizimu latitude ukusuka endaweni yePacific ama-55 degrees eningizimu latitude endaweni ye-Atlantic Ocean ukuthi lolu lwandle lumisa kanjani.
Ubusika yisikhathi lapho amanzi asogwini lwase-Antarctica ebanda ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinye izindawo. Usawoti oqukethwe emanzini uphansi njengoba sisondela enyakatho eduze kwe-Antarctic Convergence. Kulezi zindawo amanzi abandayo ajwayele ukucwila ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo kancane avela kulokho kuhlangana. Futhi ukuthi amanzi anezinga lokushisa eliphansi asinda futhi athanda ukwehla ngokujula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, labo abanamazinga okushisa aphezulu bavame ukukhuphukela phezulu. Lokhu kuhamba kwamanzi kubangela imisinga yolwandle.
Kulolu lwandle sithola idiphozi enkulu yekhabhoni equkethe cishe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-50 kunaleyo esemkhathini.
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kolwandle i-Antarctic
Njengoba kulindelekile, abantu basebenzisa yonke imithombo yemvelo kanye nokuhlukahluka okukhona kule ndawo. Ukukhiqiza akuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yamazinga aphansi wensimbi nokukhanya kwelanga. Inani eliphansi lemisebe yelanga alibangelwa nje kuphela ukuthambekela kwemisebe yelanga efika ngayo lapho itholakala eningizimu pole, kepha futhi kuhlobene nenani elikhulu lobumnyama obukhona kuleli zwekazi. Noma kunjalo, ulwandle olunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhamzimba namaqhuqhuva e-manganese kanye nokufakwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo.
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, yindawo enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10.000 XNUMX ezivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nalezi zimo. Kulezi zilwane sithola ama-penguin, imikhomo, izimvu zamanzi, i-squid, i-Antarctic krill nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ukudoba kulezi zindawo kuthela impela. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidotshwe kakhulu sinayo i-hake ne-krill. Kunamachweba amabili kule nsimu: Mcmurdo noPalmer. Lezi zikhumulo semikhumbi zifakwe ezindaweni ezithile ezingasogwini lolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuwona wonke amanzi oLwandle i-Antarctic akwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yobukhona bamabhulokhi eqhwa. Izikebhe kufanele ziqaphele kakhulu ngokushaqeka ekudobeni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Antarctic Ocean.