I-Las Amatshe we-Metamorphic Bayiqembu lamadwala akhiwa ukuba khona kwezinye izinto ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, konke ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-metamorphism. Ukuguqulwa kwayo kwaba umphumela wochungechunge lwezinguquko ze-mineralogical kanye nezakhiwo ezaguqula idwala lokuqala libe yidwala le-metamorphic. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yawo, kungase kube khona ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamadwala angenayo igneous kanye ne-metamorphic, ukusuka lapho azalelwa khona. Ucwaningo lwalawa matshe lunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nazo zonke izinqubo ze-geological ezenzeka eMhlabeni nokuthi zingashintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici, ukwakheka kanye nemvelaphi yamatshe e-metamorphic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Amatshe e-Metamorphic ashintshwa yizinqubo ezishisayo, ukucindezela, namakhemikhali. Ngokuvamile kugqitshwe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuchayeka kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu kuguqule i-mineralology yedwala, ukuthungwa kwayo, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zamatshe e-metamorphic: amatshe e-Metamorphic
- i-foliate njenge-gneiss, i-phyllite, i-shale, ne-slate, ethuthukisa ukubukeka okugqinsiwe noma okuboshwe ngenxa yokushisa nokucindezela kokuqondisa; Y
- hhayi foliated njengamamabula ngaphandle kwamaqabunga nama-quartzite ngaphandle kokubukeka kwezingqimba noma amabhande.
Amatshe e-Metamorphic cishe awaziwa kancane futhi avame ukudideka noma ahlotshaniswe namanye yilabo abangebona ochwepheshe be-geology kanye ne-petrology. Nokho, Lawa matshe awaningi nje kuphela oqweqweni lomhlaba, ziphinde zibe umkhiqizo okhethwayo wezinto eziningi ze-geological kanye ne-tectonic, njengokwakheka kwezintaba.
Ucwaningo lwamatshe e-metamorphic lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqondwe ukuguquguquka kokwakheka komhlaba. Futhi, lokhu kufanele kube nentshisekelo enkulu kubaqoqi bamaminerali, amatshe e-metamorphic amelela isimo esivamile se-geological lapho izinhlobo eziningi zamaminerali ezifunwa kakhulu zingatholakala, njenge-garnet ne-beryl. Iqoqo lazo zonke izenzakalo ezenza amadwala aguquke abe amadwala amasha kuthiwa i-metamorphism, igama elisuselwe egameni lesiGreki elisho .
i-metamorphism emadwaleni e-metamorphic
Amatshe e-Metamorphic akhiwa ngokuqiniswa kabusha kombuso oqinile wamadwala asele ekhona ngaphambili, kungaba esikalini esikhulu noma sendawo, ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kanye/noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu okwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kanye nomphumela wezinqubo ezithile ze-geological.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma noma yiluphi uhlobo lwetshe (noma i-igneous, sedimentary, noma metamorphic) luqina, lisesimweni esihluke kakhulu se-physicochemical kunedwala lokuqala. bekusesilinganisweni, kudala uhlobo olusha lwedwala... Lokhu kuzohluka kokwasekuqaleni ngesakhiwo, ukuthungwa, i-mineralogy, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (lapho isenzo se-leachate enothe ngamaminerali siphinde siphazamise i-metamorphism).
i-metamorphism yesifunda
I-metamorphism yesifunda yenzeka lapho amadwala efika ekujuleni okukhulu okuhlobene nalapho avela khona. Izinga le-metamorphism yesifunda lincike ngokuphelele ekujuleni, njengoba izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kukhuphuka ngokujula. Amadwala anokwakheka okufanayo kokuqala kanye nezinguquko ezigqamayo ngokwandayo zakha uchungechunge lwe-metamorphic lapho sithola njengesibonelo ubumba olwakha amanye amatshe. Isibonelo, i-low zone metamorphic rock is slate, eyenza izindiza ezihambisanayo ngemva kwe-metamorphism. Ezinye izibonelo ama-quartzite nama-magmatic rocks.
thintana ne-metamorphism
Lolu hlobo lwe-metamorphism lwenzeka lapho amatshe enqotshwa i-magma ekhuphuka isuka ezindaweni ezijulile iye phezulu. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi "thintana."
Le nqubo ngokuvamile ihilela ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwamaminerali akhona, okuyinto bathola izakhiwo ezintsha nobukhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa uketshezi olutholwa yi-mineral njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Imabula iyisibonelo setshe elinjalo.
i-fission metamorphism
Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-metamorphism lwenzeka emadwaleni angaphezulu acindezelwa lapho ukunyakaza koqweqwe lomhlaba kuwaphusha aqondane. Izinga le-metamorphism lincike ekuqineni kwengcindezi.
Ngezinye izikhathi amaminerali amasha amakhudlwana akhiwa, kulezi zibonelo singathola i-mylonite.
Izinsiza zamatshe e-metamorphic
Inqubo ye-metamorphism idala izinguquko eziningi kulawa matshe, phakathi kwawo ukwanda kokuminyana, ukwandiswa kwamakristalu, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlamvu zamaminerali kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaminerali aphansi okushisa abe amaminerali aphezulu okushisa. Lezi zindlela yimaphi amadwala angahlukaniswa, kodwa sizochaza isici ngasinye salawa matshe, ngokuvamile sizokhuluma ngamadwala avame kakhulu, njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo zamatshe kuleli qembu, sizoqala ngalokhu:
- I-slate ne-phyllite: Leli dwala linokuthungwa okuhle kakhulu kokusanhlamvu. Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngama-silicates anezingqimba kanye ne-quartz; I-feldspar nayo ivame ukuba khona. Ngenxa yokuma kwe-phyllosilicates, amadwala anezinsika futhi athambekele ekuqhekekeni. Zingamadwala angasetshenziswa namuhla, kodwa asetshenziselwe ukuvikela amanzi ophahleni.
- I-Shale: Leli dwala linokuthungwa okusanhlamvu okuphakathi nendawo okumahhadlahhadla ane-foliation ephinyisiwe, futhi izinhlamvu zamaminerali kuleli cala zingahlukaniswa ngeso lenyama. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwamadwala kusakhiwa, ngoba anamandla kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Imithombo yawo ingaba ubumba nodaka, kuhlanganise nezinqubo eziphakathi nendawo.
- I-Gneiss: Umsuka wayo ufana namaminerali e-granite (i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica), kodwa inomumo we-zonal, kanye namathoni akhanyayo namnyama abangelwa amaminerali nawo angumkhiqizo we-metamorphism yamadwala angenalutho kanye ne-sedimentary. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphinde kugxilwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni komonakalo we-pixelated, ama-cobblestones, njll.
- Imabula: Ukuthungwa kwaleli dwala kusuka kokucolile kuye kokugqinsile, imvelaphi yalo isuka ku-limestone kuya ku-crystallization, leli dwala lingasuka ezinqubweni ezifana ne-metamorphism, magma, hydrothermal, sedimentation, njll. Ukwengeza, i-calcium carbonate inika imibala ehlukahlukene kumabula futhi ichaza izici zayo ezibonakalayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusuka ekuhlobiseni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuciko nakwimivubukulo.
- I-Quartzite: Njengoba igama layo libonisa, leli dwala ngokuyinhloko lakhiwe ngamaminerali e-quartz futhi linesakhiwo esingenamaqabunga, esitholakala njengesakhiwo se-shale ngenxa yokuvuselela kabusha ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusezinqubweni ze-metallurgical nasekwenziweni kwezitini ze-silica, okunye ukusetshenziswa amatshe okuhlobisa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo nasekudwebeni.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namadwala e-metamorphic nezici zawo.