Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolunye lwezintaba ezisenkabeni ye-Asia ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuba lapho ngokusho kweRussia, China, Mongolia neKazakhstan. Imayelana ne- Altai massif. Ngeyentaba yase-Altai futhi imifula i-Irtish, i-Obi neYenisei iyahlangana. Yizwe eligcwele izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezidluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kube yizwe lapho imvelo ikwazile ukukhombisa konke enakho.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, ukwakheka kanye nemvelaphi ye-Altai massif.
Izici eziyinhloko
It is a massif etholakala ebangeni lezintaba enkabeni ye-Asia nalapho kuhlangana khona iRussia, iMongolia, iChina neKazakhstan. Kukhona ama-steppes amakhulu, amahlathi aluhlaza we-taiga nentelezi yasogwadule enesizotha. Konke lokhu kuphakama ebukhazikhazini bethuna bezintaba ezigqunywe yiqhwa ngobuhle be-laconic yetundra. Iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo ezikhona kule ndawo lenza indawo ibe yinhle kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sekuyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ukuthi izivakashi zihambe izintaba.
Yindawo ebanzi cishe amakhilomitha angama-2000 ubude ukusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ngakho-ke, i-Altai Massif yakha umngcele wemvelo phakathi kwezintaba ezomile zaseMongolia ne-taiga ecebile yaseningizimu yeSiberia. Zombili lezi zimo zezulu zidala ukubukeka kokuhlukahluka okumangazayo. Iqiniso ukuthi ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwamathafa akhona e-Altai massif kunjengokungathi sithatha ithuba emakhasini ezincwadi ze-atlas geography.
Akukona nje ukuthi ubuhle bendawo buba ubuhle ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuyivakashela, kuyisidleke sezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane.
Umsuka we-Altai massif
Sizobona imvelaphi lezi zintaba eziye zaba nayo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo eminyakeni edlule. Umsuka walezi zintaba ungalandelwa emuva emandleni e-tectonic akhona ngenxa yamapuleti tectonics. Siyazi ukuthi izingcwecwe ze-tectonic zihamba ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yemisinga ye-convection yengubo yoMhlaba. Lokhu kuvumela amapuleti ukuba ashayisane futhi adale izintaba ezintsha zezintaba. Kulokhu, umsuka we-Altai massif ungalandelwa ngokusebenzisa amandla wokushayisana kwama-tectonic phakathi kweNdiya e-Asia.
Kunohlelo olukhulu lwamaphutha olusebenza kuyo yonke le ndawo futhi Ibizwa ngephutha le-Kurai nelinye iphutha le-Tashanta. Lonke lolu hlelo lwamaphutha lubangela ukugxuma kwenzeke ngesimo sokunyakaza okuvundlile, okwenza amapuleti asebenze ngokubukeka. Ukuhamba kwamadwala akhona e-Altai massif kufana kakhulu namatshe e-granite namametamorphic. Amanye ala matshe aphakanyiswa kakhulu eduze nendawo enamaphutha.
Imvelaphi yegama le-Altai massif livela eMongolia "Altan", okusho ukuthi "igolide". Leli gama livela ekutheni lezi zintaba ziyigugu elimangaza noma ngubani ngenxa yokwehluka nobuhle bazo.
Imininingwane yezwe ye-Altai massif
Siya eningizimu yeSiberia lapho kunezintaba ezintathu ezinkulu lapho izintaba zase-Altai zigqame khona, ziyindawo enhle njengamathafa emvelo amahle kakhulu. Lezi zindawo zihlala endaweni ephakeme kunazo zonke endaweni eseningizimu yeSiberia ebizwa ngokuthi iMount Beluja. Inokuphakama kwamamitha angama-4506 futhi yaziwa nangokuthi iyindawo enezinsimbi eziningi. Ezintabeni zaseningizimu yeSiberia izalwa yimifula emikhulu engxenyeni esempumalanga yeRussia.
I-Altai Massif itholakala enkabeni ye-Asia, cishe phakathi kuka-45 ° no-52 ° North latitude naphakathi kuka-85 ° no-100 ° empumalanga ye-Greenwich, futhi ibekwe phakathi kwezindawo zaseRussia, zamaShayina nezaseMongolia. Izinhlobo zamanje zokukhululeka ziyi- iziqongo, izindawo ezingalingani ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene, amabhlogo nezigodi ezijulile. Konke lokhu kukhululeka kungumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ukuthi ekupheleni kwesikhathi seMesozoic izintaba zasendulo zakhiwa yi-Hercynian folding futhi zaguqulwa ngokuphelele zaba yithafa.
Kakade eThertiary, i-alpine folding yiyo evuselele lonke isethi lezintaba, yaqhekeka futhi yakha amabhlogo ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvuselelwa kwenzeka ngendlela ebuthaka eQuaternary ngasikhathi sinye lapho imifula nezinguzunga zeqhwa zenza isenzo esinamandla sokukhukhula.
Isimo sezulu nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo
Sizohlaziya izici ezisemqoka zesimo sezulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-Altai massif. Ngenxa yobubanzi kanye nesimo maphakathi nezwekazi elikhulu lase-Eurasia, i-Altai massif inesimo sezulu esibuhlungu esinezici zesimo sezulu esipholile kanye nezwekazi. Izimvula zayo ziyindlala nehlobo. Ukuphakama nakho kuhlobene nesimo sezulu. Ukuphakama okukhulu konyaka okushisayo kusho ukuthi kunamanani aphakathi kwama-35 degrees ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-0 degrees ebusika nangehlobo elifushane lapho angadlula khona ama-degree angu-15.
Lesi simo sezulu sakha uhlaza olusabela kuso. Amahlathi eConiferous, amadlelo nezimila zezinhlamvu eziqinile ze-steppe ezikhula e-Altai enkulu, eseduzane nogwadule lwaseGobi. Ngaphansi kwesimo sengqondo samamitha ayi-1830, imithambeka inokhuni olujiyile ngemisedari, izibungu, amaphayini nemibhida. Phakathi kwamahlathi nokuqala kweqhwa kukhona ukuphakama okungaba ngamamitha ayi-2400-3000 wokuphakama. Amadlelo e-Alpine atholakala kuyo yonke le ndawo.
Isifunda sonke sezintaba se-Altai massif siyasebenza ngoba senza umugqa ohlukanisayo phakathi kwemifula eya e-Pacific Ocean naleyo mifula egelezela olwandle i-Arctic Glacier Ocean. Imifula emibili ebaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Asia nayo inomthombo wayo kule nsika: i-Obi neYenisei. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inethiwekhi yangempela ye-hydrographic yale ndawo yonke yakhiwa izifufula ezivela emachibini futhi ezihlala emigodini yamaqhwa. Inkambo yayo ayijwayelekile njengoba ukukhululeka kwentaba kukwenza kube njalo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Altai massif, izici zayo nemvelaphi yayo.