ISpain inemifula eminingi engemifula ehlukahlukene. Umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke iSpain umfula i-Ebro.Umfula onomgodi osenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, onqamulele izingxenyana zeNyakatho, iDuero, iTagus, iJucar kanye ne-Eastern Pyrenees. emthambekeni French. Yaziwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseSpain futhi inokugeleza okukhulu. Umlomo wayo wakha idelta futhi waziwa njenge Isigodi se-Ebro.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezici, i-geology nokwakheka kwesigodi se-Ebro.
Izici eziyinhloko
Isigodi i-Ebro noma i-Ebro Depression yindawo enkulu enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia, lapho kugobhoza khona umfula i-Ebro.Umfula lo uqhamuka ezintabeni zaseCantabrian uthele oLwandle iMedithera. Isigodi se-Ebro siboshwe yiPyrenees ngasenyakatho, i-Iberia System eningizimu kanye nolwandle lwaseCatalan ngasempumalanga. Ukudangala komfula kutholakala eduze komfula uqobo engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia.
Ukusuka eSierra de Híjar kuye eTortosa kunendawo cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angama-40.000 nobude obungamakhilomitha angama-840. Idlula ukusuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga idabule i-Autonomous Community yaseCantabria, iBurgos neSoria iye empumalanga yeCastilla y León, eningizimu yezwe laseBasque e-valava, eLa Rioja, eNavarra, imiphakathi yase-Aragon, eCatalonia naseValencia iya enyakatho nesifundazwe saseCastellón, esiphela eMedithera. Emngceleni wayo osenyakatho kukhona iPyrenees, empumalanga inqamula amaCatalan Mountain Ranges, naseningizimu nasentshonalanga nohlelo lwase-Iberia.
Ukucindezeleka kunokuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-200 futhi kuzungezwe ukuphakama okukhulu. Umlomo waziwa njengeDelta del Ebro, indawo evikelekile ehlukaniswa njengePaki Yemvelo. Inamadiphozithi asolwandle nasezwenikazi, ajiyile emaphethelweni entaba futhi awaminyene kakhulu maphakathi nokudangala: amatshe eshlabathi, amamaki, i-gypsum, usawoti namatshe amatshe amatshe amatshe. Umehluko ekubeni lukhuni kwento kanye nesimo sezulu esomile kuholele kuzici ezahlukahlukene zokuma kwezwe.
Umfula utholakala emgqeni wephutha phakathi kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia nezwekazi laseYurophu, uqondana nolwandle oludala futhi kamuva waba yichibi, elihlukanisa iziQhingi zase-Iberia ngezikhathi ezithile. I-Peninsula yase-Iberia ixhunywe e-Afrika naseYurophu.
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kwesigodi se-Ebro
Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwezolimo kwenhlabathi yase-Aragonese kutholakala ekucindezelekeni okuphakathi, lapho kunendawo enkulu kakhulu futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu eniselwayo futhi enezimvula yokutshala okusanhlamvu nemivini. La masimu akha isisekelo somnotho wezolimo wase-Aragon. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zikhala yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezifiselekayo emlandweni, ezisukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwamaRoma.
I-monoculture yokusanhlamvu etholwe imvula imele uhlelo olufanele kakhulu lokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwezimo zemvelo eziyinyumba ngaphandle kwendawo eniselwa. Abangena esikhundleni se ukolweni-ibhali futhi, ngezinga elincane, i-oats ne-ryeBathembele ekwesekelweni nguhulumeni omkhulu kanye nezinga lomhlaba. Ukulima okusanhlamvu kwasetshenziswa ngemishini ngokuphelele futhi i-fallow yayisasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zoCindezelo.
Ukulinywa okulinyiwe okunezinhlamvu okuhlala endaweni eyodwa kuhlangana ezindaweni eziqandayo zeqhwa nasemagqumeni asesigodini i-Ebro nasepulatifomu eliphansi elinamakhasi aseningizimu yeLos Monegros. Isithiyo kuphela esinqunyelwe yi-gypsum outcrop ezungeze iZaragoza. Yisayithi elisika ngobuningi ngenethiwekhi eminyene yezigodi eziwumngcingo, okuyizindawo ezinotshani zama-espartos nama-pilgrim, futhi akha iziqhingi zasogwadule zangempela maphakathi neDepression. Ukusebenza kwenhlabathi kukhawulelwe ezansi eziphansi kwamavawusha, lapho ukunqwabelana kodaka kunika inhlabathi enhle futhi kugxilisa umswakama omncane.
Isimo sezulu kanye nokwakheka kwesigodi se-Ebro
Kusona sonke isigodi sase-Ebro singathola ukungafani okukhulu kwesimo sezulu ngenxa yokwandiswa okukhulu okuvele kunokubamba iqhaza kwamathonya avela kokuguquguqukayo kwesimo sezulu kokubili iMedithera nezindawo zezwekazi. Singahlukanisa cishe izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezulu:
- Indawo yaseCantabrian: Yileyo ndawo enezimvula eziningi futhi ezifanayo unyaka wonke. Amazinga okushisa amancane ahamba phambili ngakho-ke awanazo izinguquko eziningi ngokuzumayo.
- Ukucindezeleka okuphakathi: Ihlala ku-80% we-Basin futhi inethonya elinqumayo esimweni sezulu esomile esinemvula yonyaka. Lezi zimvula zisatshalaliswa ngezikhathi zemvula nezomile.
- Indawo yaseMedithera: imvula eyindlala namazinga okushisa amancane ahamba phambili ngenxa yokusondela kolwandle.
Amazinga okushisa ajwayele ukufika ezingeni eliphakeme lama-degree angama-26 ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu naphansi ngo -4 ezinyangeni zasebusika. Imvula eningi yenzeka ezinhlelweni zezintaba ezinciphisa isigodi se-Ebro. afinyelela amanani we-1800mm / ngonyaka ePyrenees. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni emaphakathi yesigodi amanani aphansi kakhulu, afinyelela ngaphansi kuka-400mm / ngonyaka. Imvula emaphakathi minyaka yonke yalo lonke uBheshi icishe ibe ngama-590 mm.
Ngokuqondene ne-geology, futhi ine-geology ehlukahlukene kakhulu kanye nesimo sezulu. Izinto ezibonakalayo zivelele i-limestone-dolomitic, i-Cenomanenses-Turonenses, ama-limestones we-Triassic nama-dolomites nezinto zokwakha. Njengoba bekulindelekile, kulesi sigodi kunezinhlelo ze-aquifer endaweni eseningizimu ye-Basin ezinokwakheka okulimazayo okufana nokulandelana kwezitendi nesihlabathi ngokuhlangana kukadoti nobumba. Lezi zinamandla okuguquguquka futhi zinekhabhoni ngokwemvelo.
Ezinye izifiso
- Iminikelo ephelele ye-Basin ifakiwe phakathi kuka-17.500 no-19,000 hm3 / ngonyaka wokusetshenziswa okuhlukile.
- Umnikelo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ulinganiselwa ku-3.730 hm3 / ngonyaka, okungaphezulu nje kwe-3.300 hm3 / ngonyaka okukhishelwa emfuleni i-Ebro.
- Isibalo sabantu baseBhesin singabantu abangu-2.850.000, abanesilinganiso sabantu abangama-33.3 / km2, inani eliphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke.
- Izikhungo ezikhulukazi zasemadolobheni, Ama-90% abo anabantu abangaphansi kwezi-2.000 zezakhamizi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesigodi se-Ebro nezimpawu zaso.