Kwindalo iphela kukho amawaka eenkwenkwezi ezidityanisiweyo ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo nezisingatha zonke iintlobo zezinto zasezulwini. Imalunga neminyele. Xa ebuzwa malunga yintoni umnyele, Singatsho ukuba zizakhiwo ezikhulu zendalo iphela apho iinkwenkwezi, iiplanethi, amafu egesi, uthuli lwe cosmic, i-nebulae kunye nezinye izinto zihlanganisene okanye zavalwa sisenzo somtsalane womxhuzulane.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-galaxy, ziziphi iimpawu zayo kunye neentlobo ezikhoyo.
Yintoni umnyele
Liqela okanye indibaniselwano enkulu yeenkwenkwezi apho kukho zonke iintlobo zezinto zasezulwini ezinje ngeeplanethi, i-nebulae, uthuli lwe-cosmic kunye nezinye izinto. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo iminyele inomtsalane womxhuzulane ogcina zonke ezi zinto zidibeneyo. Abantu baye bakwazi ukubona iminyele kuyo yonke imbali yethu njengendawo yokusasaza esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Enkosi kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji esinayo kwaye sinolwazi oluninzi malunga nabo.
Inkqubo yethu yelanga apho ilanga nazo zonke iiplanethi zikhona ziyinxalenye yomnyele obizwa ngokuba yiMilky Way. Kumaxesha amandulo kwakungekho mntu wayesazi ukuba ungantoni lo mgca umhlophe onqumla isibhakabhaka yiyo loo nto bewubiza ngokuba yindlela yobisi. Ngapha koko, amagama emnyele kunye neMilky Way avela kwimvelaphi enye. AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba iinkwenkwezi zazingamaconsi obisi afafazwa nguthixokazi uHera ngelixa esondla uHercules.
Kulo Indlela yobisi singafumana ukuyilwa kweenkwenkwezi ezininzi kunye nothuli lwasemajukujukwini. Ezona zibalulekileyo ngamaqela eebhula kunye neenkwenkwezi Ngokuqinisekileyo, zikhona nakweminye iminyele. Iminyele ihlelwa ngokobungakanani bayo nokumila kwayo. Ziphakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezincinane kunye "kuphela" zezigidi zeenkwenkwezi ukuya kwiinkwenkwezi ezinkulu ezinamawaka ezigidi zeenkwenkwezi. Ngokwendlela ezimile ngayo zinokuba yi-elliptical, spiral (njenge-Milky Way), i-lenticular okanye engaqhelekanga.
Kwindalo ebonakalayo, kukho iminyele engamawaka amabini ezigidi, uninzi lwazo lunobubanzi phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-100.000 parsecs. Uninzi lwazo ludityaniswe ngokwamaqela eminyele kwaye ezi zikwicandelo elikhulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yobunzima kumnyele ngamnye wahlukile kwizinto eziqhelekileyo; ikhona kodwa ayifumaneki, nangona impembelelo yayo isenokuba. Ibizwa ngokuba yinto emnyama kuba ayikhuphi kukhanya. Okwangoku, yinto nje yethiyori esetyenziselwa ukucacisa indlela yokuziphatha kweminyele.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-galaxy isondeza kwenye enye i-galaxy kwaye ekugqibeleni idibene, kodwa inkulu kakhulu kwaye idumbile kangangokuba akukho nto ingqubana phakathi kwezinto ezizenzileyo. Okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ntlekele kunokwenzeka. Ngayiphi na imeko, ngenxa yokuba amandla emxhuzulane abangela ukuba izinto zidibane, ukudibanisa kuhlala kukhokelela ekuzalweni kweenkwenkwezi ezintsha.
Iminyele yayikho kwindalo yonke ngaphambi kokusekwa kwenkqubo yelanga. Le yinkqubo eyenziwe ngezinto ezininzi, ezinje nge iinkwenkwezi, ii-asteroids, ii-quasars, imingxunya emnyama, iiplanethi, uthuli lwe-cosmic kunye neminyele.
Iintlobo zegalaksi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlela iminyele, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo ngokobume bayo.
- Iminyele ye-Elliptical: Ngaba ezo zinembonakalo ye-elliptical ngenxa yobuncinci abanazo ecaleni kwe-axis. Zenziwe ngeenkwenkwezi ezindala ezifumaneka ngokubanzi kumaqela eminyele. Kulawo aziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyona milala mikhulu yeyama-ellipticals. Kukho nazo ezinobungakanani obuncinci.
- Iminyele yomoya: ezo zinobume bomoya obujikelezayo. Inoluhlobo lwediski ethe tyaba kwaye ineengalo ezijikelezileyo eziyinika ubume bayo. Kwindawo esembindini isixa esikhulu samandla sigxilwe kwaye zihlala zenziwe ngumngxunya omnyama ngaphakathi. Zonke izinto ezinjengeenkwenkwezi, iiplanethi nothuli zijikeleza iziko. Abo baneengalo ezinde kakhulu bathatha imilo ethe nkqo ebonakala ngathi yintsimbi kunesangqa. Embindini wale minyele kulapho iinkwenkwezi kucingelwa ukuba zazalwa khona.
- Iminyele engaqhelekanga: abanayo i-morphology ecacileyo, kodwa bathambekele ekubeni neenkwenkwezi ezincinci ezingekafumaneki.
- Iminyele yeLenticular: zinobume obuphakathi kweminyele ejikelezayo nemide. Kunokuthiwa ziidiski ngaphandle kweengalo ezinesixa esincinci semathiriyeli ye-interstellar, nangona ezinye zinokubonisa isixa esithile.
- Ekhethekileyo: kanye njengoko igama libonisa, kukho ezinye ezineemilo ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga. Banqabile ngokwendlela kunye nobungakanani.
Imvelaphi kunye nendaleko
Imvelaphi yeminyele isengumba wengxoxo engapheliyo. Ngokwengcamango yeli gama linye, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikholelwa ekubeni zaqala ukubakho kungekudala emva kwexesha Isandi esikhulu dubula. Kwakungokuqhuma kwendalo yonke okwakhokelela ekuzalweni kwendalo iphela. Kwinqanaba lasemva kokuqhushumba, amafu egesi ahlanganisene kwaye acinezelwa phantsi kwentshukumo yomxhuzulane, eyila icandelo lokuqala lomnyele.
Iinkwenkwezi zinokuqokelela kumaqela ehlabathi ukuze zenze indlela ye-galaxy, okanye mhlawumbi i-galaxy ifom kuqala kwaye emva koko iinkwenkwezi eziqulethweyo zihlangane. Le minyele mincinci incinci kunokuba injalo ngoku kwaye ikufutshane enye kwenye, kodwa njengoko zingqubana enye nenye kwaye ziyinxalenye yendalo eyandayo, ziyakhula kwaye zitshintshe imilo.
Uninzi lweeteleskopu zangoku zikwazile ukubona iminyele emidala kakhulu, eyaqala kwakamsinya emva kweBig Bang. IMilky Way yenziwe ngegesi, uthuli, kwaye ubuncinci ziibhiliyoni ezili-100 zeenkwenkwezi. Kulapho iplanethi yethu ikhoyo kwaye imile ngokungathi kuvalwa umoya. Yenziwe ngegesi, ngothuli, kwaye ubuncinci ziibhiliyoni ezili-100 zeenkwenkwezi. Ngenxa yelifu elingqingqwa lothuli negesi elenza kube nzima ukubona ngokucacileyo, iziko lalo liphantse lahlukaniswa. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu zikholelwa ekubeni iqulathe umngxuma omnyama omnyama, okanye ngokufanayo, umngxuma omnyama onobunzima bamawaka okanye wezigidi zobunzima belanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nento eyi-galaxy kunye neempawu zayo.