Yintoni ulwandle

Siyazi ukuba iikota ezintathu zesijikelezi-langa sethu zigutyungelwe ngamanzi. Ubuninzi bamanzi anetyuwa alikhaya kwinani elikhulu lezilwanyana nezityalo ezenza ezona ndawo zityebileyo zendalo zibizwa ngokuba ziilwandlekazi. yenzaYintoni ulwandle Ngokwenene? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kwayo?

Kweli nqaku siza kugxila ekuchazeni ukuba yintoni ulwandle, zithini iimpawu zalo kunye nokubaluleka kwalo kubomi beplanethi.

Yintoni ulwandle

Ulwandle lulwandle olukhulu lwamanzi anetyuwa olwahlula amazwekazi amabini okanye ngaphezulu asemhlabeni.. Ezi zandiso zasemanzini zigubungela uninzi lomphezulu weplanethi yethu (i-71% yomphezulu womhlaba) kwaye inxibelelana enye nenye, igubungela amawaka eekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kwaye iqulethe ngaphezulu kwetriliyoni yeekyubhiki zeekhilomitha zamanzi.

Xa kujongwe le milinganiselo, kuyaqondakala ukuba ulwandle luphawu olwahlukileyo lwehlabathi lethu. Ubomi bavela kubo kwaye basagcina eyona pesenti iphezulu yezityalo nezilwanyana ezaziwayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba bangumthombo wokutya kwabantu kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi yezoqoqosho neyolonwabo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iilwandle ziye zabangela umdla kuye zaza zamoyikisa ngokukhethekileyo ukutyhubela imbali yoluntu, ekubeni zayila amathuba nemida eyayimthintela ukuba angakwazi ukuhamba yedwa ukusuka kwenye ikona yomhlaba ukuya kwenye. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba la manzi makhulu edlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo wendalo woMhlaba, iingozi ezininzi zemozulu neentlekele zemvelo zenzeka kumphezulu wazo, nto leyo edla ngokubagcina abantu abaselunxwemeni bekude.

Iilwandle zizininzi zamanzi ngokwenene. Inommandla oqikelelwayo we-361.000.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, okanye iikota ezintathu zomhlaba wonke.

Ubunzulu bayo buziimitha ezingama-3.900 (ngaphandle kwaziwayo ngakumbi, njengeMariana Trench kwi-11.034 yeemitha), kwaye umthamo wayo umalunga ne-1.300.000.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, okanye i-94% yamanzi oMhlaba.

Ukuhlelwa kunye nemvelaphi

Kukho iilwandle ezintathu ehlabathini: uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, uLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, kunye nolwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, lulandelwa ziilwandlekazi ezimbini ezincinci: iNcam yoMntla kunye nePole eseMazantsi.. Ezokuqala ezimbini kuluhlu zihlulwe ngokubanzi kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye noMntla okanye eMzantsi weAtlantiki ngokulandelelanayo. Kwezi, eyona inkulu luLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.

Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantiki lwahlula amazwekazi aseYurophu kunye neAfrika kumazwe aseMelika, ngelixa uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki luhlula ulwandle kwiAsia kunye neOceania. Ulwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, okwangoku, lwahlula ilizwekazi laseAfrika kwiAsia kunye neOceania ezantsi kweIndiya.

Iilwandlekazi zeArctic kunye ne-Antarctic zibekwe kufutshane neendawo zazo ezisemantla nakumazantsi.

Nangona amanzi ebonakala eyinto ekhoyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi lethu, asiqinisekanga kangako ngemvelaphi yawo kwiplanethi yethu kuba ayikho kwezinye iiplanethi njengoko sizazi.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba izixa ezincinci zamanzi ezingamanzi zaveliswa xa uMhlaba uphole ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuvele amanzi angamalwelo, awathi ke anyuswa ngumkhenkce osuka emajukujukwini ngendlela yeecomets ezivela kwibhanti yeasteroid yelanga.

Amanzi olwandle anetyuwa kuba anesodium eninzi eqinileyo kunye neklorini., eziguqulwa zibe yityuwa yetafile (i-sodium chloride). Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba etyuwa ayaguquguquka kwaye kwimimandla epholileyo iphantsi kakhulu.

Amanzi olwandle ane-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, kunye nezinye izinto ezinomlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, zonke izinto ezaziwayo zinokufumaneka kuyo. Inyani enomdla malunga namanzi olwandle kukuba umbala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuchasene noko umntu anokucinga ngako, Akunjalo kuphela ngenxa yokubonakala kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, kodwa ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obukhulu, amanzi athanda ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ubushushu bolwandle kunye namaza

Ubushushu bamanzi olwandle buyaguquguquka, ubushushu bomphezulu wawo buhlala buphakathi kwe-12 ne-30 degrees celcius, kwaye bunokuba ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya kwi-50 yeemitha okanye i-100 yeemitha ubunzulu.

Ngaphantsi kwale migama, ulwelo luhlala luphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-1 °C. Ngokucacileyo, la maxabiso aphezulu kumanzi ashushu kwaye kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, kwaye asezantsi njengoko sisondela kwiipali. Kwakhona, amanzi olwandle ayafudumala ehlotyeni aze abandayo ebusika.

Amanzi olwandle akaze ame ngxi, kodwa ahamba rhoqo ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaza akhoyo abangelwa ngumtsalane womxhuzulane wenyanga nelanga, ngoko umphezulu weplanethi evezwe enyangeni uya kubonisa ukwanda okukhulu umthamo wamanzi, ngelixa utyhilekile Umthamo wamanzi ekukhanyeni kwelanga uyancipha kakhulu.

Oku kukhokelela kwiindidi ezimbini zamaza:

• Amaza entwasahlobo. Zenzeka xa iNyanga ikwisigaba esitsha okanye esipheleleyo, oko kukuthi, uMhlaba, iNyanga kunye neLanga zilungelelanisiwe kwaye amandla omxhuzulane weenkwenkwezi ezimbini adibana ukuze afumane umtsalane omkhulu kumzimba wamanzi.
• amaza afileyo. Zenzeka xa iNyanga neLanga zikwiziphelo ezichaseneyo zomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela zirhoxisa umtsalane wazo ngokuya kumacala ahlukeneyo. Zenzeka ngexesha lokukhula kwenyanga kunye nezigaba ezinciphayo.

Olunye uhlobo lokuhamba kolwandle yimisinga yolwandle, eyimveliso yesenzo somoya emanzini, ewasusayo kwaye uwashukumise ngempembelelo yeCoriolis kunye nokujikeleza koMhlaba. Kuyaziwa imisinga yolwandle eyahlukeneyo engama-28, nganye idibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zoMhlaba ngendlela ephitheneyo.

Iintlekele kunye nokungcoliswa kweelwandle

Amanzi aselwandle anokuba ngumthombo weentlekele zendalo ezininzi, zonke zibangelwa yimpembelelo yazo kwimozulu yeplanethi, njengoko amaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi kweelwandle aguqukayo abangela utshintsho loxinzelelo kunye nokudalwa kwemimoya ehambayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kubangela izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba, iinkanyamba okanye ezinye iingozi zemozulu ezichaphazela ngokukodwa abemi baselunxwemeni.

Ngokukwanjalo, iinyikima namaza anokutshintsha ukuqheleka kwamanzi aze abangele iitsunami, ezinokutshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yazo.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yemisebenzi yoshishino lwabantu kwi-ikhosistim ayikhuselekanga kwiimpembelelo zolwandle. Le yintlekele yokusingqongileyo xa sicinga ukuba i-70% ye-oxygen eMhlabeni ivela kwiplankton phezu kolwandle, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ulwandle lufunxa isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside kwaye luthintele impembelelo yegreenhouse.

Noko ke, ukuloba ngokugqithiseleyo nongcoliso kuqikelelwa ukuba kuye kwanciphisa ubomi elwandle ngama-40 ekhulwini ukususela ngowe-1950, njengoko imizi-mveliso emininzi ilahla inkunkuma enetyhefu elwandle.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo yolwandle kuthiwa kuphelele kwi-20-30%, kunye nawona mazwi aphazamisayo athi ukuba konke kuyaqhubeka, ubomi baselwandle bunokuphela ngobuninzi phakathi kweminyaka engama-25.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni ulwandle kunye neempawu zalo.