Yintoni eyongezelelweyo

ukongezwa

Xa sithetha ngazo ukongezwa Sithetha ngokukhula komzimba ngokudityaniswa kwamalungu amancinci. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwicandelo le-astronomy kunye ne-astrophysics kwaye isebenza ukucacisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeediscellar discs, ii-accretion discs okanye i-accretion yeplanethi yasemhlabeni. Ithiyori yokwanda kweplanethi yacetyiswa ngo-1944 ngu-geophysicist wase-Russia u-Otto Schmidt.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-accretion kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.

Yintoni eyongezelelweyo

izihlwele zeenkwenkwezi

I-accretion isetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuba iinkwenkwezi, iiplanethi kunye neesathelayithi ezithile esele zenziwe kwi-nebula zenziwe njani. Zininzi izinto zesibhakabhaka ezikhoyo zenziwe kukuqokelelwa kwamasuntswana ngokuxinana kunye nokuguqula okungaphantsi. Kwindalo iphela kunokuthiwa yonke into inobunzima ngandlela thile. Ezinye zezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwindalo zizibuthe.

Ukuchaneka kukho kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeenkwenkwezi. Nokuba kwimingxunya emnyama le nto ikhona. Iinkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo kunye neetronon nazo zinokongezwa. Yinkqubo apho ubunzima obuvela ngaphandle buwela khona kwinkwenkwezi ethile. Umzekelo, amandla omxhuzulane afunyanwa ngumhlana omhlophe abangela ubunzima bawele kuwo. Nje, inkwenkwezi idla ngokudada kwindalo iphela ejikelezwe yindawo eyayingenanto. Oku kuthetha ukuba azikho iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba ubunzima buwele kule nto yasezulwini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho kunokwenzeka.

Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezenzeka kwi-accretion.

Iimeko zononophelo

ukuyilwa kwenkqubo yelanga

Enye yeemeko apho ukwenzeka kunokwenzeka umzimba wasezulwini kukuba inkwenkwezi ineqabane layo njengenye inkwenkwezi. Ezi nkwenkwezi kufuneka zijikeleze. Ngamanye amaxesha iqabane elisondeleyo lisondele kangangokuba ubunzima butshalelwe kwelinye ngamandla kangangokuba baphele bewela kuyo. Kuba inqina elimhlophe lincinci ngobukhulu kuneenkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo, ubunzima kufuneka bufikelele kumphezulu wayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Masenze umzekelo, ukuba ayisiyomhlophe, kodwa yinkwenkwezi ye-neutron okanye umngxunya omnyama. Kule meko, isantya sisondele kwisantya sokukhanya.

Xa ifika ngaphezulu, ubunzima buya kuthi chu ngokuthe chu ukuze isantya sahluka ukusuka kwisantya sokukhanya ukuya kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka kwimeko yokuba yinkwenkwezi ye-neutron. Yileyo ndlela Kukhutshwa isixa esikhulu samandla esidla ngokubonakala njenge-X-ray.

Ukongezwa njengenkqubo efanelekileyo

ukunyusa ubunzima

Uninzi lwenzululwazi luthandabuza ukuba iAccretion yenye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuguqula ubunzima bube ngamandla. Siyazi ukuba, enkosi ku-Einstein, amandla kunye nobunzima bayalingana. Ilanga lethu likhupha amandla ngenxa yeempembelelo zenyukliya ngokusebenza okungaphantsi kwe-1%. Nangona kubonakala ngathi kukho isixa esikhulu samandla avela elangeni, ikhutshwa ngokungafanelekanga. Ukuba siphosa ubunzima kwinkwenkwezi ye-neutron, phantse i-10% yabo bonke ubunzima obuweleyo bujikwe baba yimitha ye-radioactive. Kunokuthiwa yeyona nkqubo isebenzayo yokuguqula umba ube ngamandla.

Iinkwenkwezi zenziwa kukuqokelelwa okucothayo kobunzima obuvela kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo obu bunzima benziwa lilifu leemolekyuli. Ukuba i-accretion yenzeka kwinkqubo yethu yelanga, yimeko eyahluke mpela. Nje ukuba uxinano lobunzima bube bukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba buqalise ukutsala umdla wabo womtsalane, kuye kuyeke ukwenza inkwenkwezi. Amafu emolekyuli ajikeleza kancinane kwaye aneenkqubo ezibini. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ilifu liwela kwidiski ejikelezayo. Emva koko, izivumelwano zediski zicotha kancinci ukwenza inkwenkwezi embindini.

Ngexesha lenkqubo izinto zenzeka ngaphakathi kwiidiski. Eyona nto inomdla kuyo yonke ingaphakathi kweediski ukuyilwa kweeplanethi kwenzeka. Oko sikubonayo njengenkqubo yelanga ekuqaleni yayiyidiski eyongezwayo eyakhokelela elangeni. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwelanga, inxenye yothuli lwediski yahlawulwa ukunika iiplanethi ezikwisijikelezi-langa.

Konke oku kwenza inkqubo yelanga ibe yintsalela yento eyenzeka kudala. Idiski yeprostostellar ibaluleke kakhulu kuphando olunxulumene nokwenziwa kweeplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Namhlanje, oososayensi baqhubeka ngokukhangela iiplanethi ezingqonge ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezilinganisa ezinye iinkqubo zelanga. Konke oku kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo indlela i-discretion discs esebenza ngayo.

Into eluncedo yokufumana imingxunya emnyama

Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba yonke iminyele inembobo emnyama embindini wayo. Abanye babo banayo imingxunya emnyama enobunzima beebhiliyoni zobunzima belanga. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zinemingxunya emnyama emincinci kakhulu efana neyethu. Ukuze ufumanise ubukho bomngxunya omnyama, kufuneka wazi ubukho bomthombo wento enokubonelela ngobunzima.

Kucetyiswa ukuba umngxuma omnyama yinkqubo yokubini eneenkwenkwezi ezijikeleza kuyo. Ithiyori ka-Einstein yolwalamano inikezela ukuba iqabane leenkwenkwezi lisondela emngxunyeni omnyama de liqale ukunikezela ubunzima balo xa lisondela. Kodwa ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkwenkwezi kunokwenzeka ukuba idiski yokongeza yenziwe kwaye ubunzima buphele kumngxunya omnyama. Yonke le nkqubo icotha kakhulu. Xa ubunzima buninzi buwela emngxunyeni omnyama, ngaphambi kokuba unyamalale, ufikelela kwisantya sokukhanya. Oku kwaziwa njenge itheko lomnyhadala.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokwanda kunye neempawu zayo.


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