Kwimekobume ineendlela ezininzi zokuthoba isidima. Enye yezinto zangaphandle ezithoba isidima sendalo esingqongileyo lukhukuliseko. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle yintoni ukhukuliseko, yintoni imiphumo enayo kwaye yintoni imiphumo yayo. Ukhukuliseko yinto eye yatshatyalaliswa zizo zombini ii-arhente zendalo kunye nezo zibangelwa ngabantu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni ukhukuliseko, zeziphi iimpawu zalo, imvelaphi kunye nemiphumo.
yintoni ukhukuliseko
Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lubangelwa yigeological action (efana nokuhamba kwamanzi okanye ukunyibilika komkhenkce), isenzo semozulu (njengemvula okanye umoya onamandla), okanye izinto ezenziwa ngabantu (ezifana nezolimo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukunaba kwedolophu).
ukhukuliseko lomhlaba Yinto engaqhubekiyo necothayo ebandakanya ukudilika komhlaba okushukumayo ukusuka phezulu, kubangela utshintsho kwinkangeleko yomhlaba kwixesha elide. Kwezinye iimeko, ngenxa yeentlekele zendalo okanye i-anthropogenic overactivity, ukhukuliseko lwenzeka ngesantya esikhawulezayo, okubangela ukuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neemaminerali.
Ukubaluleka kwesi siganeko kukuba umhlaba uthathwa njengobutyebi obungahlaziyekiyo kuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukumila. EMexico, ingxaki yenzeka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinomhlaba ongalinganiyo, apho abizwa khona amathambeka elizwe. Xa kucingwa ukuba olu hlobo lokuma komhlaba lukho kuninzi lwemimandla yeli lizwe, nokuba iindawo zokulima okwexeshana zifunyenwe kwezi ndawo, kunokugqalwa njengengxaki enkulu.
Iintlobo zokukhukuliseka komhlaba
ukhukuliseko lwamanzi
Zintathu iindidi eziphambili zokhukuliseko lomhlaba lwendalo:
- ukhukuliseko lwamanzi. Idalwa yimijelo enokuba ngamanzi emvula okanye ukuhamba komlambo.
- ukhukuliseko lomoya. Iphetshethwa yimimoya enamandla.
- Ukhukuliseko lomxhuzulane. Ivela kwimpembelelo yempembelelo yamatye awelayo okanye i-glaciers enyibilikayo ukusuka phezulu kwithambeka.
Kukho olunye uhlobo lokukhukuliseka komhlaba okwenzeka ngokukhawuleza:
- ukhukuliseko lwabantu. Iveliswa yimisebenzi yabantu echaphazela ukuguga kunye nokuwohloka komhlaba, njengokulima okunzulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwakhiwa kwemijelo kunye neendlela, ukwandiswa kweendawo zasezidolophini, ukulima kwemfuyo enzulu, imigodi, njl. ubukhulu becala.
Izizathu eziphambili
Izizathu zokhukuliseko lomhlaba zinokwahluka, ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ngendlela yemvula, imilambo okanye imisinga yolwandle, amanzi abetha emhlabeni kwaye akhulule iindawo ezingaphezulu, ezitsalwa ngumsinga.
- intshukumo yomoya. Ukuvuthuza kwemimoya ebhudla ngamandla emhlabeni kuyakhulula kwaye kuhambise amasuntswana kunye nobutyobo (ngohlobo lothuli, isanti, okanye amatye) phezu komhlaba.
- Ukushukuma kwamatye kunye nomkhenkce. Ukuchithwa komkhenkce ukusuka kumkhenkce okanye amatye aqengqeleka ukusuka phezulu kwithambeka kunokubangela imozulu okanye ukuqhekeka kwendlela yawo.
- evezwe kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Ixesha elide lemozulu eshushu kakhulu okanye ebanda kakhulu inokuguqula umphezulu womgangatho kwaye ibangele iintanda okanye iintanda, ithanda ukunxiba kwayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwabantu nokusetyenziswa kakubi komhlaba. Imisebenzi yabantu egqithisileyo, efana nezolimo ezinzulu okanye ukwakhiwa kweendawo zasezidolophini, kunokubangela ukuthotywa komhlaba, kwiimeko ezininzi umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.
Iziphumo zokhukuliseko lomhlaba
Iziphumo eziphambili zokhukuliseko lomhlaba olubangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu ziquka:
- Ilahleko yesivuno kumhlaba ochumileyo ukuzinza kwe-agroecosystem kunye nemveliso yomhlaba.
- Ungcoliseko kunye nentlenga yemilambo nemilambo iye yanda, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho iintlobo ezimbalwa zezilwanyana ezihlala apho.
- ukuba yintlango komhlaba kwenza umhlaba ube ngumqwebedu okanye ungafaneleki ukuphila (ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi, uhlaza nokutya).
- Umthamo wokuhluza ophantsi yemihlaba eyintlango inokubangela izikhukula kwindawo leyo.
- Ukungalingani kwi-ikhosistim kukhokelela kwilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, ilahleko yezilwanyana nezityalo.
- ilahleko yehlathi ekwaziyo ukufunxa ikharbon diokside iye yatshintsha kakhulu imozulu yehlabathi.
Indlela yokuphepha ngayo?
Ukuthintela ukhukuliseko kunye nokunxiba komhlaba okubangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu, esona sisombululo kukuthintela nokuphumeza le misebenzi ilandelayo:
- Usetyenziso lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Inganceda ukunciphisa iimpembelelo kwezolimo nemfuyo, kwaye ithintele ukuthotywa komhlaba ngenxa yelahleko yezondlo.
- Ukuzala kwehlathi. Ukutyalwa kwemithi nezityalo kuququzelela ukubuyiselwa kwe-ikhosistim kunye nokugcinwa komhlaba.
- Ukutyala izityalo. Ukukhuthaza ukutyala okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezivezwayo okanye apho kusetyenziswe oomatshini bokwakha kunokunceda ukuzinzisa umhlaba kunye nezondlo zawo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi. Kwiindawo ezinomthamo ophantsi wokufunxa umhlaba, iigatha zinokunceda ukuqondisa amanzi ukuthintela izikhukhula.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kuye kwaphumela ekuphulukaneni nendawo yokuhlala kwizigidi zeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi sisenzo esibangelwa ngumntu esibandakanya ukugawulwa kwamahlathi namahlathi ngokugawula imithi okanye ukuwatshisa. Ukuba esi senzo senziwe ngokungqongqo ngaphandle kwamanyathelo aneleyo okuphinda kutshatyalaliswe amahlathi, kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimihlaba nakwinkqubo yendalo, kuquka:
- Izigidi zeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ziye zaphulukana nendawo zazo zokuhlala. Esi sesona siphumo sibalulekileyo, kuba izinto eziphilayo azikwazi ukusinda ekutshatyalalisweni kwendalo.
- Imo iyatshintsha. Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo kuyayitshintsha imeko yemozulu njengoko igcina umhlaba kwaye igcina nokufuma kokusingqongileyo kunye nomjikelo wobumanzi obuyisela umphunga emoyeni.
- Impembelelo enkulu ye-greenhouse. Ngaphandle kokungenelela kwimozulu, imithi ikwafunxa neegesi ezibangela ubushushu bomhlaba. Ukungabikho kwayo kutshintsha ukuxinwa kwegesi emoyeni ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo.
Uhlaza lugcina iimpawu zomhlaba, luthintela ukhukuliseko, luthatha indawo ephambili kumjikelo wamanzi-kwaye ke ngoko kwimozulu-kwaye lukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, ukugcina ukuhambelana kwe-ecosystem, ukunyamekela kunye nokugcinwa komhlaba kubalulekile.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni ukhukuliseko kunye neempawu zalo.