yintoni lava

Iintaba-mlilo zezinye zeendlela ezinomtsalane zejoloji, nangona ugqabhuko-dubulo lwazo ngamanye amaxesha lunokubeka abantu abakungqongileyo emngciphekweni. Mininzi imimandla emikhulu yentaba-mlilo eMhlabeni kwaye ezinye iicrater ziyasebenza. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqonda yonke imiqathango enxulumene nesihloko ukubeka ngcono iikhonsepthi kumxholo. Umzekelo, yintoni lava, indlela eyakhiwe ngayo okanye eyahluke ngayo kwintaba-mlilo.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-lava, zeziphi iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye nokungafani kwe-magma.

yintoni lava

Ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, ubushushu bukhulu kangangokuba amatye kunye neegesi ezenza le mantle ziyanyibilika. Isijikelezi-langa sethu sinombindi owenziwe ngodaka. Lo mbindi wogqunywe luqweqwe kunye neengqimba zamatye aqinileyo. Le nto ityhidiweyo eyenza i-magma, kwaye xa ityhalelwe kumphezulu woMhlaba, siyibiza: i-lava. Nangona imigangatho emibini ye-crust kunye nelitye yahlukile, inyaniso kukuba zombini zihlala zitshintsha: iliwa eliqinisiweyo liba lulwelo kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Ukuba i<em>magma igqobhoza kuqweqwe lomhlaba ize ifike emhlabeni, ijika ibe ludaka.

Kuko konke oku, sibiza i-lava ngokuba yi-magma material ephume kuqweqwe lomhlaba yaza yanwenwela phezulu. Iqondo lobushushu lelava liphezulu kakhulu, liphakathi kwama-700°C ukuya kuma-1200°C. Ngokungafaniyo ne-magma, enokuthi iphole ngokukhawuleza, i-lava ixinene kwaye ngoko ithatha ixesha elide ukupholisa. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kuyingozi kakhulu ukusondela kwindawo yogqabhuko-mlilo, nokuba kusemva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Iindidi zokuqukuqela kwelava

Xa sithetha ngelava, eneneni sibhekisa ekumpompozekeni kodaka lwentaba-mlilo, eziziingqimba zodaka olumanzi oluthi lwenzeke xa kudubula intaba-mlilo. Xa uqwalasela le meko, eyona mbono ixhaphakileyo yileyo intaba-mlilo esemhlabeni ekhupha umaleko ogudileyo wodaka oluthi chu lusuka kwithambeka.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lava, ezifana ne-fissure lava. Kule meko, i-lava layer yanda kwaye yagubungela indawo enkulu efana nomlambo, ngokungafaniyo nemeko yangaphambili.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela uhlobo lwelava olukhutshiweyo (luqhuma), olufana nokwakheka, oluchaphazela indlela ekhangeleka ngayo xa luqina, ngoko. ngokucacileyo lukho ulwahlulo oluyahlulahlula kwezinye iindidi zodaka.

Ulwahlulo lusekwe kwi-morphology yabo yomphezulu kwaye ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwabo kunye ne-viscosity, esiya kuthi siyihlolisise ngezantsi:

ukuphosa ibhloko

Olu hlobo lodaka lufumana igama kwinkangeleko yalo emdaka. Oku kungenxa yokuba izithako zayo zineasidi eninzi kunesiqhelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nolwelo oluncinci. Ezi ntlobo ze-lava ziqokelela ngenxa yokuba azihambanga kancinci kwaye zenze i-clumps. Iibhloko aziqhelekanga kwaye zinde kwaye azinambonakalo yesanti. Ziyimibhobho yelava equlethe i-silica eninzi.

Kule meko, i-lava ilulwelo oluthile, i-viscous kwaye kunzima ukuyisusa, ngoko yenza amaqhuma njengoko ithanda ukudodobala kunye nokuphuka, kubangele amaqhuma. Kwakhona kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhutshweni ngokukhawuleza kwe-lava, ethanda ukubonakala kwezi ziphoso. Esinye isiphumo sale viscosity kukuba lukhuni ngokukhawuleza.

I-AA yokuhlamba impahla

Ezi lavas zihlobene ngokusondeleyo ne-lavas enkulu, njengoko ukuhlelwa okuninzi kubeka kudidi olufanayo. Igama layo elikhethekileyo lithatyathwe kwigama lesiHawaii elithetha "ilitye elinqabileyo lelava.". Baphinda benze amaqela anemigangatho ethe tyaba nengalinganiyo. Ezi bloko zibizwa ngokuba yi-clinker.

Ihluke kwimeko yangaphambili kuba ukubunjwa kwayo akuna asidi kakhulu, ngoko ke le lava ihamba kakuhle kwaye inokubonakala kancinci. Ilava yolohlobo lwe-basaltic kwaye yenza amaqhuma arhabaxa nangaqhelekanga. Isantya sayo sangaphambili sicotha kakhulu, phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-50 yeemitha ngeyure. Le meko yenza ukuba isiphelo sibonakale simdaka kwaye sibhidekile.

Pahoehoe Laundry

Ezi ntlobo ze-lava zenziwe ngokusisiseko kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhamba imigama emide. Igama lakhe livela kwigama lesiHawaii elithetha "ubuhle." Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-wire mold, kuba ikhangeleka njengeseti yeentambo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Olu qulunqo lubangelwa yinto efana nemeko yangaphambili. Nalapha, umphezulu wolu hlobo lodaka luphola kuqala, yaye ngaphantsi kwalo maleko udaka luqhubeka nokuqukuqela kulwelo. Kule meko, Umahluko yi-viscosity ye-lava. Ngenxa viscosity yayo esezantsi kunye fluidity, oko ayibhubhisi okuqinileyo umphezulu, kodwa deform kubo, ukuze uthotho amaza zenziwe phezu komphezulu le lava ebonisa fluidity daka eveliswe ngaphakathi.

ilava yomqamelo

Ilava ekhuselayo ngumaleko wodaka oluqina ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Bafumana igama labo kwinto yokuba ngokwenene bafana nemithwalo, ehlanganiswe phezu komnye nomnye.

Ubume bayo bungqukuva, kodwa zininzi iimilo ezahlukeneyo: ibhloko, ingqukuva, i-tubular, njl. Nangona zifana ngenkangeleko, ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-lava kunye neemeko apho kwenzeka khona i-condensation phenomenon. Nangona ukupholisa kwakuphantse kube ngoko nangoko, umphezulu wawungekho mpuluswa, unemibimbi, iintanda, iigrooves, kunye nokuqhawuka kwama-engile amaninzi afanelekileyo.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-lava kunye ne-magma

Ngokusisiseko, unokucinga ukuba i-lava kunye ne-magma yinto enye, kodwa ayinjalo. Okokuqala, xa usondele kumbindi, uphezulu uxinzelelo. Ngoko ke, okukhona kukho uxinzelelo, kokukhona kukho igesi eninzi ekubunjweni kwayo kwaye kokukhona igesi ikhutshwa phezu komhlaba. Ikwanalo namaqondo obushushu aphantsi, idibane nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba okanye emanzini, kwaye xa udaka lwangaphantsi kwamanzi lukhutshiwe, ekugqibeleni lubangela ukuba luqine, ngelo xesha luyayeka ukuba ludaka luze lube lilitye lentaba-mlilo. Nangona i-magma kunye ne-lava ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa njengezithethantonye, ​​inyaniso kukuba ngamagama amabini ahlukeneyo. Zombini zinxulumene neentaba-mlilo kodwa zichaza iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

IMagma ligama elinikwe umaleko wamatye anyibilikisiweyo kuqweqwe loMhlaba athe achanabeka kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Yenziwe ngamasuntswana angamalwelo, aguquguqukayo kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo. Xa i-magma ipholile, iba lilitye elivuthayo, elinokwahlulwa libe ziindidi ezimbini ngokusekelwe kwindawo ekuyo:

• Plutonic: Ukuba ingaphakathi kwexolo.
• Intaba-mlilo: Ukuba i-magma iyanyibilika kwaye inyuke iye kumphezulu womhlaba.

I-Lava yinto yendalo ye-geological eye yabumba iziqithi ezininzi emhlabeni, njengeCanary Islands, kunye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-lava kangangamawaka eminyaka.

Ndiyathemba ukuba unokuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-lava kunye nomahluko wayo kunye ne-magma.