Inkwenkwezi eyenza iziko lenkqubo yelanga kwaye ikufutshane nomhlaba lilanga. Ngombulelo kwilanga, iplanethi yethu inokunika amandla ngohlobo lokukhanya kunye nobushushu. Yile nkwenkwezi ivelisa iimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, imisinga yolwandle namaxesha onyaka. Ngamanye amagama, kungenxa yokuba ilanga libonelela ngeemeko ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko kubomi bobomi. Iimpawu zelanga zahlukile kwaye ukusebenza kwalo kunomdla kakhulu. Kukho abanye abantu abangaziyo yintoni ilanga kunye neempawu zayo, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ukuba liyintoni ilanga, iimpawu zalo kunye nomsebenzi walo.
Liyintoni ilanga
Okokuqala kukukwazi ukuba liyintoni ilanga nokuba liyintoni na imvelaphi yalo. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ukuze siphile kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezenze ilanga kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba zaqala ukwanda ngenxa yesenzo somxhuzulane njengoko sikhula sikhulu. Ibhodi yomxhuzulane yinto ebangele ukuba izinto ziqokelele kancinci kancinci kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iqondo lobushushu nalo lonyukile.
Ixesha lafika xa iqondo lobushushu laliphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba lafikelela kwisigidi seedigri Celsius. Ngeli xesha xa iqondo lobushushu kunye nomsebenzi womxhuzulane kunye nomcimbi odityanisiweyo waqala ukwenza inyukliya ngamandla kangangokuba yiyo eye yanika inkwenkwezi ezinzileyo esiyaziyo namhlanje.
Izazinzulu zibanga ukuba isiseko selanga kuko konke ukusabela kwenyukliya okwenzeka kwisixhobo sombane. Singajonga ilanga eliqhelekileyo njengeenkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo nangona inobunzima, irediyasi, kunye nezinye iipropathi ezingaphandle kwento ethathwa njengomndilili weenkwenkwezi. Kunokuthiwa zizizo zonke ezi zinto ezenza ukuba ibe kuphela kwenkqubo yeeplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi ezinokuxhasa ubomi. Okwangoku asazi naluphi na uhlobo lobomi ngaphaya kwenkqubo yelanga.
Abantu bahlala benomdla kwelanga nangona bengenakujonga ngqo, benze iindlela ezininzi zokulifunda. Ukujongwa kwelanga kwenziwa ngeeteleskopu esele zikho emhlabeni. Namhlanje, ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde elangeni ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi ezingezizo. Sebenzisa i-spectroscopy, uyakwazi ukwakheka kwelanga. Enye indlela yokufunda le nkwenkwezi ziiemeteorites. Le yimithombo yolwazi kuba igcina ukwenziwa okokuqala kwelifu leprostostar.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba liyintoni ilanga, masibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zalo eziphambili:
- Ubume belanga bungqukuva. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkwenkwezi kwindalo iphela, ilanga liphantse lajikeleza ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba sijonga kwiplanethi yethu, sinokubona idiski efanelekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo.
- Inezinto ezahlukeneyo ezininzi kakhulu njengehydrogen kunye nehelium.
- Ubukhulu belanga elimalunga nesiqingatha sedigri ukuba umlinganiso uthathwe kwiplanethi yoMhlaba.
- Indawo iyonke imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-700.000 kwaye kuqikelelwa kubungakanani bayo obukrwada. Ukuba sithelekisa ubungakanani bayo nobeplanethi yethu, siyabona ukuba ubukhulu bayo buphantse bube li-109 ubukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ilanga lihlelwa njengenkwenkwezi encinci.
- Ukuze ube neyunithi yokulinganisa kwindalo iphela, umgama phakathi kwelanga noMhlaba uthathiwe njengeyunithi yeenkwenkwezi.
- Ubunzima belanga bunokulinganiswa ukusuka ekukhawuleziseni ukuba umhlaba uzuze xa usondela kufutshane nawe.
- Njengoko sonke sisazi, le nkwenkwezi ihamba ngamaxesha athile kunye nobundlobongela kwaye inxulumene nemagnetism. Ngelo xesha, i-sunspots, i-flares, kunye ne-bursts yemicimbi ye-coronal iyavela.
- Ukuxinana kwelanga kusezantsi kakhulu kunoko koMhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba inkwenkwezi yinto enomoya.
- Olunye lweempawu ezidumileyo zelanga kukukhanya kwalo. Ichazwa njengamandla anokuthi akhutshwe ngeyunithi yexesha. Amandla elanga alingana ngaphezu kweshumi anyuswe ukuya kwi-23 kilowatts. Ngokuchaseneyo, amandla aqaqambileyo e-incandescent bulbs aziwayo angaphantsi kwe-0,1 kilowatts.
- Ubushushu obusebenzayo belanga malunga nama-6.000 degrees. Eli liqondo lobushushu eliphakathi, nangona undoqo kunye nomphezulu ziindawo ezishushu.
Liyintoni ilanga: ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba liyintoni ilanga kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zalo eziphambili, siza kubona ukuba luyintoni na ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Ithathwa njengenkwenkwezi emfutshane etyheli. Ubunzima beenkwenkwezi buphakathi kwama-0,8 kunye nama-1,2 amaxesha obunzima benkosi yelanga. Iinkwenkwezi zineempawu ezithile zembonakalo kuxhomekeke kubumhlophe bazo, ubunzima, kunye nobushushu.
Ukuququzelela ukufundwa kunye nokuqondwa kweempawu zelanga, ulwakhiwo lwayo lwahlulwe lwangumaleko ama-6. Isasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kwaye iqala ngaphakathi. Sizahlulahlula kwaye sibonise ezona mpawu ziphambili zeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Isiseko selanga: Ubungakanani bayo bumalunga ne-1/5 yomgama welanga. Kulapho onke amandla akhutshwe bubushushu obuphezulu aveliswayo. Iqondo lobushushu apha lifikelele kwi-15 yezigidi zeedigri Celsius. Kwakhona, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenza ukuba ibe yindawo elingana nesixhobo seoyile yenyukliya.
- Indawo enemitha: Amandla avela kwi-nucleus asasazeka kwimitha ye-radiation. Kule nkalo, zonke izinto ezikhoyo zikwimo yeplasma. Iqondo lobushushu apha alikho phezulu njengombindi womhlaba, kodwa lifikelele kwizigidi ezi-5 zikaKelvin. Amandla aguqulwa aba ziifotoni, ezidluliswayo kwaye ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zenziwe ngamanye amasuntswana enza iplasma.
- Indawo esebenzayo: Lo mmandla yinxalenye efikelelwa ziifoto kwindawo yemitha kwaye iqondo lobushushu limalunga nezigidi ezi-2 zikaKelvin. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwenzeka ngokudibana, kuba umba apha awunanjongo kangako. Ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqhutywa kwamandla ombane kwenzeka ngokuhamba kweempawu zerhasi kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
- Ifoto: Kuyinxalenye yendawo ebonakalayo yenkwenkwezi kwaye besisoloko siyifuna. Ilanga aliqinanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa lenziwe ngeplasma. Ungayibona ifosfosfoliyo ngokusebenzisa iteleskopu, ukuba nje zinaso isihluzo ukuze singachaphazeli umbono wethu.
- Ubuchwephesha: Ngumaleko ongaphandle we-photosphere, olingana nomoya wayo. Ukukhanya apha kubomvu, ubukhulu bayahluka kwaye uluhlu lobushushu luphakathi kwama-5 ne-15.000 degrees.
- ICorona: Ngumaleko onesimo esingaqhelekanga kwaye udlulela kwii-radii ezininzi zelanga. Kubonakala ngeliso lenyama, ubushushu bayo bumalunga nezigidi ezi-2 zikaKelvin. Akucaci ukuba kutheni iqondo lobushushu lomaleko liphezulu kangaka, kodwa zinxulumene nomhlaba wamagnetic owenziwe lilanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba liyintoni ilanga kunye neempawu zalo.