Kwindawo engezantsi yomoya kulapho zenzeka khona zonke iimeko zemozulu. Enye yazo likhephu. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle yintoni ikhephu xa iyonke, kuba bengayazi ukwakheka kwayo, iimpawu zayo kunye neziphumo zayo. Ikhephu likwabizwa ngokuba ngumkhenkce. Ayisiyo nto ngaphandle kwamanzi aqinileyo awe ngqo emafini. Amaqhekeza ekhephu akhiwa ziikristale zomkhenkce, kwaye xa athe awa phantsi emhlabeni agubungela yonke into ngengubo entle emhlophe.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ikhephu, zeziphi iimpawu zalo, ukuba livela njani kunye nezinto ezibangela umdla.
Yintoni ikhephu
Ukuwa kwekhephu kuyaziwa njengokuwa kwekhephu. Le nto ixhaphake kwiindawo ezininzi ezinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi (ikakhulu ebusika). Xa ikhephu linzima ihlala itshabalalisa iziseko zedolophu kwaye iphazamisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye neyamashishini amaxesha amaninzi. Ubume beqhwa liqhekeza. Iifractals ziimilo zejiyometri eziphindaphindwe kwizikali ezahlukileyo, zivelisa iziphumo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.
Iidolophu ezininzi zisebenzisa ikhephu njengeyona nto iphambili kubakhenkethi (umzekelo, iSierra Nevada). Ngenxa yokuwa kweqhwa kwezi ndawo, unokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo eyahlukeneyo enjengokuskiya okanye ukukhwela ikhephu. Ukongeza, amabala ekhephu anika imibono emnandi, enokutsala abakhenkethi abaninzi kunye nokuvelisa inzuzo enkulu.
Ikhephu ziikristale ezincinci zamanzi afriziwe zenziwa ngokufunxa amathontsi amanzi kwi-troposphere ephezulu. Xa la mathontsi amanzi engqubana, ayadibana enze amakhekhe ekhephu. Xa ubunzima beqhwa likhulu ngaphezu kokumelana nomoya, buya kuwa.
Uqeqesho
Iqondo lobushushu lokwakheka kwamaqhekeza ekhephu kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kweqanda. Inkqubo yokwenziwa iyafana nekhephu okanye isichotho. Umahluko kuphela phakathi kwabo bubushushu bokwakheka.
Xa ikhephu liwela emhlabeni, liyaqokelelana lize lifumbe. Logama iqondo lobushushu elihleliyo lingaphantsi kwe-zero, ikhephu liya kuqhubeka ukubakho kwaye liya kuqhubeka nokugcinwa. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu enyuka, amakhekhe ekhephu aya kuqala ukunyibilika. Iqondo lobushushu apho amaqhekeza ekhephu ahlala khona -5 ° C. Inokubumba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kodwa iqala rhoqo ukusuka -5 ° C.
Ngokubanzi, abantu badibanisa ikhephu nokubanda kakhulu, kodwa enyanisweni, ikhephu elininzi lenzeka xa ubushushu bomhlaba bungu-9 ° C okanye nangaphezulu. Kungenxa yokuba into ebaluleke kakhulu ayithathelwa ngqalelo: ukufuma okuphakathi. Ukufuma yinto ethatha isigqibo sobukho bekhephu kwindawo. Ukuba imozulu yomile kakhulu, ayizukukhephu nokuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu. Umzekelo woku ziintlambo ezomileyo zeAntarctica, apho kukho umkhenkce kodwa kungaze kubekho khephu.
Ngamanye amaxesha ikhephu liyoma. Imalunga nala maxesha apho ikhephu elenziwe ngumoya wobushushu lidlula kumoya omninzi owomileyo, ejika amakhekhe ekhephu abe luhlobo lomgubo onganamathelisi ndawo, efanelekileyo yokuziqhelanisa nezemidlalo kwikhephu. Ikhephu emva kokuwa kwekhephu linemicimbi eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yempembelelo yemozulu, nokuba kukho umoya onamandla, ukunyibilika kwekhephu, njl.
Iindidi zekhephu
Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zekhephu ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela eliwela ngayo okanye elenziwa ngayo kunye nendlela eligcinwa ngayo.
- Iqabaka: Luhlobo lwekhephu elenza ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kweqanda kwaye ukufuma kuphezulu, amanzi omhlaba abanda aze enze iqabaka. La manzi aqokelelana ikakhulu kwimimoya evuthuzwe ngumoya kwaye anokuhambisa amanzi kwizityalo nasematyeni emhlabeni. Ngamana angenza iiflake ezinkulu okanye iintambo eziqinileyo.
- Icy iqabakaUmahluko phakathi kwale nale idlulileyo kukuba eli khephu livelisa iifom zecrystalline ezicacileyo, njengamagqabi. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwayo yahlukile kuleyo iqabaka eqhelekileyo. Oku kwakhiwa ngenkqubo sublimation.
- Ikhephu lomgubo: Olu hlobo lwekhephu luphawulwa ngokuqaqamba nokukhanya. Ngenxa yomahluko wobushushu phakathi kweziphelo zombini kunye neziko lekristale, ilahlekelwa ngumanyano. Olu hlobo lwekhephu lunokutyibilika kwiskis.
- Ikhephu elimnyama: Olu hlobo lwekhephu lwenziwa kukunyibilika okungapheliyo kunye nokuphinda ubande kweendawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kodwa zinelanga. Ikhephu lineekristal ezingqingqwa, ezingqukuva.
- Ikhephu elinyamalayo ngokukhawuleza: olu hlobo lwekhephu luqheleke kakhulu entwasahlobo. Inengubo ethambileyo emanzi ngaphandle kokuxhathisa kakhulu. Olu hlobo lwekhephu lunokubangela i-avalanches emanzi okanye i-avalanche yeplate. Ihlala ivela kwiindawo ezinemvula encinci.
- Ikhephu eliqweqwe: Olu hlobo lwekhephu luyenzeka xa umphezulu wamanzi anyibilikileyo uphinda ubuye uphinde wenze umaleko oqinileyo. Iimeko ezikhokelela ekwenziweni kweli khephu ngumoya oshushu, ukufuma komphezulu wamanzi, ukuvela kwelanga kunye nemvula. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa kudlula i-ski okanye i-boot, umaleko weefom uncipha kwaye wophuka. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, xa kunetha, kubakho iqweqwe elingqindilili kwaye amanzi athabatha kwikhephu aze abe ngumkhenkce. Olu hlobo lwekhoko luyingozi ngakumbi kuba luyatyibilika. Olu hlobo lwekhephu luhamba rhoqo kwiindawo kunye namaxesha apho kunethayo.
Iziphumo zomoya ekhephu
Umoya uneziphumo zokwahlulwa, ukuxinana nokudibanisa kuwo onke amacala omhlaba wekhephu. Xa umoya uzisa ubushushu obungakumbi, ukudityaniswa kwekhephu kubhetele. Nangona ubushushu obubonelelwa ngumoya abonelanga ukunyibilikisa ikhephu, inokulenza libe lukhuni ikhephu. Ukuba umaleko wasezantsi unobukrelekrele kakhulu, ezi paneli zomoya zinokwaphuka. Inje lento xa kusenzeka i-avalanche.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nekhephu kunye neempawu zalo.