Kuzo zonke iziganeko zemozulu ezenzeka kwiplanethi yethu, kukho ezinye ezitsala umdla okhethekileyo: iinkanyamba. Kukho iindidi ezininzi, nganye ineempawu zayo ezenza ukuba ibe yinto encomekayo.
Kodwa zenziwa njani? Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into ngabo, ungaphuthelwa koku kukhethekileyo.
Yintoni inkanyamba?
Kwimeteorology, inkanyamba inokuthetha izinto ezimbini:
- Imimoya enamandla kakhulu eyenzeka kwiindawo apho uxinzelelo lweatmosferi luphantsi. Zihambela phambili kwizangqa ezinkulu ezijikeleza zona, kwaye zivela kumanxweme, zihlala zikwitropiki.
- Uxinzelelo olusezantsi lommandla womoya apho kubakho imvula eninzi kunye nemimoya enamandla. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi squall, kwaye kwiimephu zemozulu uya kuyibona imelwe ngo "B".
I-anticyclone ichasene, oko kukuthi, indawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olusizisela imozulu elungileyo.
iintlobo zeenkanyamba
Zintlanu iindidi zeenkanyamba, ezizezi:
Inkanyamba yeTropical
Yiyo Ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwe-whirlpool eneziko eliphantsi loxinzelelo (okanye iliso). Ivelisa umoya ovuthuzayo kunye nemvula eninzi, itsala amandla ayo kubushushu bomoya ofumileyo.
Ikhula, ubukhulu becala, kwimimandla eshushu yeplanethi, kumanzi afudumeleyo abhalisa ubushushu obumalunga ne-22 andC, kwaye xa umoya ungazinzanga, unika inkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Kwikhweyitha elisemantla lijikeleza ngokungqinelana newotshi; Kwelinye icala, kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ijikeleza kwelinye icala. Nokuba kunjalo, ivelisa umonakalo omkhulu kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni ngenxa yeemvula ezinkulu ezithi zibangele uqhwithela kunye nokudilika komhlaba.
Kuxhomekeke kumandla ayo, ibizwa ngokuba kukudakumba kwezulu, isitshingitshane, okanye inkanyamba (okanye inkanyamba eAsia). Masibone ezona mpawu ziphambili:
- Uxinzelelo lwetrophiki: Isantya somoya siphezulu sama-62km / h, kwaye sinokudala umonakalo omkhulu kunye nezikhukula.
- Isitshingitshane seTropicalIsantya somoya esiphakathi kwama-63 kunye ne-117km / h, kwaye iimvula zayo ezinamandla zinokubangela izikhukula ezinkulu. Imimoya enamandla inokuvelisa iinkanyamba.
- Inkanyamba: Ibizwa ngokuba sisiqhwithi xa ubungqingqwa bugqithisa kuhlelo lwesaqhwithi setropiki. Isantya somoya ubuncinci yi-119km / h, kwaye sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kunxweme.
Iindidi zeNkanyamba
Izaqhwithi ziinkanyamba ezinokuthi zonakalise kakhulu, ke kubalulekile ukuba sizazi ukuze sithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwaye ke siphephe ukulahleka kobomi bomntu.
I-Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale yahlula iindidi ezintlanu zenkanyamba:
- Udidi 1: isantya somoya siphakathi kwe-119 kunye ne-153km / h. Ibangela izikhukula kunxweme, kunye nomonakalo kumazibuko.
- Udidi 2: isantya somoya siphakathi kwe-154 kunye ne-177km / h. Kubangela ukonakala kophahla, iingcango kunye neefestile, nakwimimandla eselunxwemeni.
- Udidi 3: isantya somoya siphakathi kwe-178 kunye ne-209km / h. Kubangela ukonakala kolwakhiwo kwizakhiwo ezincinci, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni, kwaye kutshabalalisa amakhaya ahambayo.
- Udidi 4: isantya somoya siphakathi kwama-210 nama-249km / h. Kubangela ukonakala okubanzi kwizakhiwo ezikhuselayo, uphahla lwezakhiwo ezincinci luyawa, kunye neelwandle kunye namathambeka.
- Udidi 5: isantya somoya singaphezulu kwama-250km / h. Itshabalalisa uphahla lwezakhiwo, iimvula ezinkulu zibangela izikhukula ezinokufikelela kwimigangatho esezantsi yezakhiwo eziselunxwemeni, kunye nokufuduka kweendawo zokuhlala kunokuba yimfuneko.
Izibonelelo zeenkqantosi zetropiki
Nangona zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, inyani kukuba nazo zinjalo ndiqinisekile kwizinto eziphilayo, ezifana nale ilandelayo:
- Banokuphelisa amaxesha embalela.
- Umoya oveliswe yinkanyamba unokuhlaziya ukogquma uhlaza, ususe imithi endala, enesifo okanye ebuthathaka.
- Ingazisa amanzi amatsha kumachweba.
Isitshingitshane esingaqhelekanga
Izitshingitshane ezi-Stratropical, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-cyclone eziphakathi, zikwindawo eziphakathi zomhlaba, phakathi ko 30º no 60º ukusuka kwiikhweyitha. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ezihamba kunye ne-anticyclone ezihambisa ixesha kwiplanethi, zivelise ubuncinci ubuncinci.
Banxulunyaniswa ne inkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi eyenzeka phakathi kweetropiki kunye neepali, Kwaye kuxhomekeke kumahluko wobushushu phakathi kwendalo yomoya oshushu nobandayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba kukho ukuhla okubonakalayo kwaye okukhawulezayo koxinzelelo lomoya, bayabizwa cyclogenesis eqhumayo.
Banokubakho xa inkanyamba yetropiki ingena emanzini abandayo, anokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, njenge izikhukula o ukukhukuliseka komhlaba.
Inkanyamba engaphantsi komhlaba
Yinkanyamba ethi ineempawu zetropiki kwaye engaphezulu. Umzekelo, inkanyamba ye-Arani, eyakhiwe nge-14 ka-Matshi 2011 ngaseBrazil kwaye yathatha iintsuku ezine, yayinomoya ovuthuzayo we-110km / h, ke yathathwa njengesaqhwithi setropiki, kodwa yenziwa kwicandelo loLwandlekazi lweAtlantic apho iinkanyamba zetropiki zihlala zingakheki.
Inkanyamba emhlophe
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkanyamba yase-Arctic, yinkqubo yoxinzelelo esezantsi enobubanzi phakathi I-1000 ne-2000 km. Inobomi obufutshane kunobo benkanyamba, kuba ithatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukufikelela kobona bukhulu.
Qalisa imimoya enamandla, kodwa ayihlali idala umonakalo kuba zenziwa kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
UMesocyclone
Yiyo i-vortex yomoya, phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-10km ububanzi, eyenzeka kwisaqhwithi esidala, oko kukuthi, umoya uyenyuka kwaye ujikeleze kwi-axis ethe nkqo. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa nengingqi yendawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngaphakathi kweendudumo, ezinokuthi zivelise umoya onamandla kunye nesichotho.
Ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo zikhona yenzeka kunye nokwenyusa kwi- ii-supercell, ezingezizo nje kuphela izivunguvungu ezijikelezayo, ekunokubakho kuzo inkanyamba. Le nto imangalisayo yenziwe kwimeko yokungazinzi okuphezulu, naxa kukho imimoya enamandla kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ukuze ubabone, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kumaThafa aMkhulu aseUnited States nakwiiThafa zasePampean eArgentina.
Kwaye ngezi siyaphela. Ucinga ntoni ngale nto ikhethekileyo?