Kwiplanethi yethu kukho ukubunjwa kwe-geological eyahlukeneyo eneempawu ezizodwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yazo, i-morphology, uhlobo lomhlaba, njl. Enye yazo lichwebakazi. Abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni ichwebakazi kunye nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nokuba yintoni i-archipelago, indlela eyakhiwe ngayo kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zayo eziphambili.
Yintoni ichwebakazi
ngokwejografi, Iqela leziqithi ezidityaniswe kwindawo encinane yolwandle kuthiwa liziqithi. oko kukuthi, akukho kude kakhulu enye kwenye, nangona zidla ngokuba maninzi kakhulu. Ukongezelela kwezo ziqithi ngokwazo, kusenokubakho ezinye iintlobo zeziqithana, iingqaqa noqaqa lwamanzi kwelo chwebakazi.
Igama elithi archipelago livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi archi ("ngaphaya") kunye ne-pélagos ("ulwandle"). Eli ligama lamandulo elalisetyenziswa xa kubhekiswa kuLwandle lweAegean ("Shanghai" okanye "uLwandle oluMain") kuba lwaluzele ziziqithi. Kamva, lasetyenziswa ukubhekisela kwiziqithi zoLwandle iAegean, yaye kamva kwiqela leziqithi ezifanayo nazo.
Maninzi amachwebakazi ehlabathini, kodwa uninzi lwawo lugxile kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia naphakathi konxweme olusemntla-mpuma weUnited States neGreenland.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iimpawu eziphambili zeziqithi zezi zilandelayo:
- Zinokuvela okanye zivele kwiintshukumo zetectonic, ukhukuliseko kunye nokubekwa.
- Ngamaqela eziqithi eziselwandle ezinemigama emifutshane ukusuka kwelinye.
- Mandulo, igama elithi archipelago lalisetyenziselwa ukubiza uLwandle lweAegean.
- Iziqithi ezenza eli chwebakazi zinemvelaphi efanayo yokwakheka komhlaba.
- Zibonakaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemimoya yorhwebo evuthuza ukusuka kumntla-mpuma.
- Ixesha layo lemvula lihlala liqala ngoMeyi kwaye lihlala kude kube nguDisemba.
- Babhala malunga ne-80% yemvula yonyaka.
- Ngenxa yendawo abakuyo, banokuchatshazelwa ziinkanyamba.
- Ezo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezishushu zoMhlaba zisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokhenketho kuba iilwandle zazo zingaqhelekanga kwaye zincinci.
- Iziqithi ezinjengeJapan zingamachwebakazi amakhulu avela ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo.
Kutheni kwakheka iziqithi?
Ezi ziqithi ziyimveliso yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka komhlaba, oko kukuthi, utshintsho kuqweqwe lomhlaba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kanye njengokuba kwasekwa amazwekazi, kwasekwa iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeziqithi. Ngaloo ndlela, singakwazi ukuthetha:
- iziqithi zelizwekazi ezinemvelaphi efanayo njengoko lonke ilizwekazi zidityaniswa kuyo yishelufu yelizwekazi, nangona zahlulwe kumphezulu ziinkitha zamanzi ezingenzulwanga (akukho ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-200 ubunzulu). Uninzi lwezi zaziyinxalenye yelizwekazi ngokwalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa umphakamo wolwandle wawuphantsi.
- iziqithi zentaba-mlilo, zisisiphumo sentaba-mlilo ekwinkwili, ukubekwa kwemathiriyeli engaphantsi komhlaba phezu komhlaba, apho aphole khona kwaye ibe ngumhlaba oqinileyo. Zilolona hlobo lutsha kuzo zonke iziqithi.
- iziqithi ezixubeneyo, apho inyikima okanye intaba-mlilo idibana nepleyiti yelizwekazi ngokwayo, ivelisa indibaniselwano yeemeko ezimbini zokuqala.
- iziqithi zekorale, Ngokubanzi mcaba kwaye uphantsi, zenziwe ngokuqokelelwa kwemathiriyeli ye-coralline kumaqonga angaphantsi kwamanzi (ahlala eluhlobo lwe-volcanic).
- iziqithi ezinentlenga, isiphumo sokuqokelelwa kwentlenga, ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe emilonyeni yemilambo emikhulu kwaye ithutha isixa esikhulu sentlabathi, igrabile, udaka kunye nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo neziqina ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo benza i-delta emlonyeni womlambo.
- iziqithi zomlambo, eyenziwe embindini womlambo ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela okanye kwindlela yomlambo, ezi ziqithi zivumela ukubonakala kweenduli eziqinileyo, iindawo zokuphumla okanye ukudakumba kwe-marshy.
iintlobo zearchipelagos
Ngokufanayo, i-archipelagos zihlelwa ngokwemvelaphi yazo yejoloji, kodwa kulo mzekelo kuphela iindidi ezimbini ezihlukeneyo:
- iziqithi zolwandle, eyenziwe ziziqithi ezinemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo ngokubanzi, aziyiyo nayiphi na ipleyiti yelizwekazi.
- ilizwekazi leArchipelago, ebunjwe ziziqithi zelizwekazi, oko kukuthi, iziqithi eziyinxalenye yecwecwe lelizwekazi, nokuba zahlulwe ziindawo ezinzulu zamanzi.
imizekelo yeearchipelagos
Nantsi imizekelo yeearchipelagos kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi:
- iziqithi zaseHawaii zifumaneka kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki yaseMntla kwaye zingabase-US. Zenziwe ziziqithi ezisithoba kunye ne-atolls, enkulu kunazo zonke kwisiqithi saseHawaii. Lelona chwebakazi likwanti eMhlabeni.
- Iases Bangabe-Ecuador kwaye bakwi-1.000 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kunxweme loLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Yenziwe ngeziqithi ze-volcanic ze-13 kunye nezinye iziqithi ezincinci ze-107 apho indawo yesibini ebalulekileyo yolwandle ekhuselweyo emhlabeni ikhoyo, ibhengezwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yi-UNESCO kwi-1978.
- Iziqithi zaseCanary: Ifumaneka kunxweme olusenyakatho-ntshona yeAfrika kunye nezopolitiko zeSpeyin, iziqithi zaseCanary zenziwe ziziqithi ezisibhozo, iziqithi ezihlanu kunye namatye asibhozo. Liqela leziqithi ezinentaba-mlilo ezibekwe kwicwecwe lelizwekazi laseAfrika kwaye liyinxalenye yendawo yendalo yaseMacaronesia.
- IChiloé Archipelago Ifumaneka kumazantsi eChile kwaye inesiqithi esikhulu (Isla Grande de Chiloé) kunye neziqithi ezincinci ezimbalwa ezisasazwa kwisiqithi esikhulu kunazo zonke, ezinesithathu nezine. Eli chwebakazi lihambelana neenduli zoMda woNxweme lwaseChile, kwaye zonke ngaphandle kwencochoyi ziyantywiliselwa.
- Iziqithi zaseLos Roques bangabaseVenezuela kwaye babekwe kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, iikhilomitha ezingama-176 ukusuka kwikomkhulu, yeyona ndawo inkulu yekorale kuLwandle lweCaribbean. Inobume be-atoll engaqhelekanga, edla ngokufumaneka kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kwaye iqulathe iziqithi ezingama-42 ezilulwalwa ezinamachibi angaphakathi kunye neekhilomitha ezili-1.500 zeingqaqa zekorale.
- ichweba laseMalaysiaI-Insulindia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Insulindia, ngummandla ongaphandle kwe-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ephakathi koLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kunye noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, equka yonke okanye inxalenye yemimandla yamazwe asixhenxe: iBrunei, iPhilippines, iIndonesia, iMalaysia, iPapua New Guinea, iSingapore neTimor. . Bucala ngasekhohlo. Kukho iziqithi ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-25.000, ezahlulahlulwe zangamaqela amathathu: iZiqithi zeSunda, iMoluccas neZiqithi zakwiiPhilippines.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-archipelago, iimpawu zayo kunye nokwakheka.