Yintoni CRISPR

yintoni CRISPR

Siyazi ukuba itekhnoloji ihambela phambili ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokutsiba kunye nemida. Kwihlabathi lebhayoloji kunye nemfuzo kukwanjalo. Kule meko, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni CRISPR nokuba yeyantoni na. Bubuchule bokuhlela imizila yemfuza ethi, ngamafutshane, inoxanduva lokusika nokuncamathisela imizila yemfuza yabantu. Yafunyanwa ixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ithwala iziqhamo zayo zokuqala kunyango kunye neplastiki yezifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigulo.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yiyiphi i-CRISPR, ziphi iimpawu zayo kwaye kutheni le teknoloji isetyenziswe kwinkalo ye-genetics kunye ne-biology.

Yintoni CRISPR

ukuguqulwa kofuzo

I-CRISPR sisishunqulelo se-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Le yindlela esetyenziswa ziibhaktheriya ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto zemfuzo ezizama ukuhlasela iiseli zazo.

Indlela i-CRISPR esebenza ngayo inomdla kakhulu. Okokuqala, iibhaktheriya zibandakanya amaqhekeza e-DNA yeentsholongwane kwi-DNA yazo, njengohlobo "lwememori ye-immunological". Ezi ziqwenga zibizwa ngokuba zii-spacers. Okulandelayo, xa intsholongwane izama ukosulela iseli yebhaktiriya, le bhaktiriya ivelisa i-RNA ekhokelayo ebophelela kwiprotini ebizwa ngokuba yiCas, enqumla ize itshabalalise iDNA yale ntsholongwane. Isikhokelo se-RNA senziwe kulwazi oluqulethwe kwi-spacers, evumela ibhaktheriya ukuba "ikhumbule" iintsholongwane eziye zadibana nazo ngaphambili.

Olu hlobo lokhuselo lwe-bacterial immune immune lusetyenziselwe ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo zokuhlela imfuza. Eyona ndlela idumileyo yi-CRISPR-Cas9, esebenzisa inguqu elungisiweyo yeprotheni ye-Cas9 ukusika i-DNA kwindawo ethile. Utshintsho lunokwenziwa kwi-DNA, njengokongeza okanye ukucima imizila yemfuza okanye ukulungisa iinguqulelo zemfuza.

Izinto eziluncedo zobuchwepheshe beCRISPR

ukusikwa kofuzo

Inzuzo enkulu yetekhnoloji ye-CRISPR kukuchaneka kwayo. Isikhokelo se-RNA sinokuyilwa ukubophelela kulandelelwano oluthile lwe-DNA, ukuhlela oku kuthetha ukuba kwenziwa kuphela kwindawo efunwayo. Ngaphaya koko, ubuchule bukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye bubiza imali eninzi kuneendlela zangaphambili zokuhlela imfuza.

Nangona itekhnoloji ye-CRISPR ithembisa kakhulu, ikwaphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha kunye nokhuseleko. Ukuhlelwa kofuzo kungasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zemfuzo, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsana "zesintu". okanye ukwenza utshintsho kumgca wentsholongwane ogqithiselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ukongeza, iimpazamo ekuhleleni zinokuba neziphumo ezingalindelekanga, njengomhlaza okanye ezinye izifo. Abantu abaninzi baxoxa ngayo njengento engaphezulu nje "kokudlala uThixo."

ukuhlela gene

yintoni i-CRISPR kwibhayoloji

Ngokwendalo, izinto eziphilayo zinenkcazelo yemfuza elawula ukukhula kwazo. Ukuhlelwa kwemfuza liqela lobuchule obunokusetyenziswa ukuguqula iDNA yezinto eziphilayo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuhlela akufani nokuguqulwa kofuzo. Okokuqala, i-DNA evela kwezinye iintlobo ayisetyenziswanga, njengokuguqulwa.

I-Biogenetics, ekwabizwa ngokuba bubunjineli bemfuza, luqeqesho oludibanisa ibhayoloji kunye nemfuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwinkalo ye-biotechnology. Ukuhlelwa kweGene yinkqubo apho iqhekeza le-DNA ofuna ukwenza kulo lichongwe, isusiwe yaze yafakwa enye indawo entsha. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba xa amaqhekeza aphikisanayo ekhutshwe, oomatshini beeselula bathatha ulawulo kwaye balungise ulandelelwano ngokwalo. Besebenzisa obu buchule, izazinzulu zinokongeza, zisuse okanye zitshintshe iDNA njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe usukelo olufunekayo.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-CRISPR iteknoloji entsha yokuguqula imfuza exhomekeke kwikhono leeprotheyini zeCas ukuqhekeza i-DNA phambi kwe-RNA efanelekileyo yokuqaphela. Kuba i-RNA inokwenziwa kwilabhu, amathuba okuhlela aphantse angenamda.

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili

Itekhnoloji ye-CRISPR isetyenziselwa ukwazisa utshintsho kwi-genome ngokuchaneka okukhulu. Kwisicelo sayo esiphambili sinokulandelayo:

  • izicelo zonyango, njengezilingo zokuphelisa i-HIV, okanye ukunyanga izifo ezifana ne-Duchenne muscular dystrophy, isifo sikaHuntington, i-autism, iprogeria, i-cystic fibrosis, umhlaza we-triple negative okanye i-Angelman syndrome. Uphando lukwazama ukufumanisa ukuba ingasetyenziswa na njengovavanyo lokufumanisa isifo
  • Ulwa nezifo ezosulelayo ezisasazwa zizinambuzaneezifana nesifo seengcongconi, zika, dengue, chikungunya okanye yellow fever.
  • I-biotechnology yemifuno. Itekhnoloji ye-CRISPR ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo zezityalo ezilungele kangcono indalo, ukumelana nembalela okanye izinambuzane. Iimpawu ze-Organoleptic zinokuguqulwa, kubandakanywa iimpawu ze-physicochemical, ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwabantu.

Kwiteknoloji yezilwanyana, ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa ukuphuculwa kweentlobo, umzekelo ukudala imihlambi echasene nezifo eziqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, azikho itekhnoloji ye-CRISPR evunyiweyo ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa yimfuza enye enokuphiliswa ngokwethiyori ngokuhlelwa kofuzo. Ngesi sizathu, izicelo zonyango zingaphezulu kwethiyori kunesizinda esisebenzayo kwaye okwangoku zinesiseko sovavanyo.

CRISPR kunye ne-bioethics

Itekhnoloji ye-CRISPR yokuhlelwa kofuzo inika imingeni emininzi enxulumene ne-bioethics. Nangona izicelo eziphambili zilungile, Imiqobo ethile inokoyiswa ekwenzeni obu bugcisa bungabizi kakhulu bufumaneke kuye wonke umntu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwizicelo zokuhlelwa kofuzo kwishishini lokuqala, ezolimo kunye nemfuyo, zilungile logama nje zijonge ukuba luncedo ebantwini. Kakade ke, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya imeko nganye ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa iintlobo zezityalo ukuze zixhathise izinambuzane kubangel’ umdla omkhulu ebantwini.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba siqwalasela ukungenelela kwindalo, simele silumke ngakumbi, ekubeni naluphi na utshintsho olungalindelekanga lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu okanye ezingalawulekiyo.

Ngokwezicelo zonyango, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokuhlela imfuza ebantwini kufuna iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko eziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kuphela izifo apho kungekho nyango lusebenzayo okwangoku, okanye kwizifo ezineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Okokugqibela, ukuhlelwa kofuzo lweembryo akuthetheleleki ngokwembono yenzululwazi okanye yokuziphatha.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-CRISPR kunye neempawu zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.