Yadalwa njani Indalo iphela

yadalwa njani indalo

Kangangamawaka eminyaka, ookhokho bethu baye bajonga esibhakabhakeni bemangalisiwe. Ukusuka kwindlela ezikhula ngayo izityalo ukuya kutsho kwakutheni siphila kweli hlabathi kwaye kwenzeka ntoni xa sihamba. Omnye weyona mibuzo idumileyo ye-metaphysical kukuba ngubani okanye yintoni eqalile konke, okt. indlela indalo edalwe ngayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, indlela yenzululwazi iye yasivumela ukuba siphendule eminye yale mibuzo. Izityalo zikhula ngenxa yokuba zifumana ilanga elaneleyo kunye nezondlo emhlabeni nasemanzini. Isibhakabhaka siluhlaza ngenxa yokuba amaza ahamba emoyeni, yaye siyagula ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane zisihlasela. Kodwa yadalwa njani iNdalo?

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela indlela i-Universe eyadalwa ngayo kwaye yintoni imvelaphi yayo yonke into.

Yadalwa njani i-Universe: Ithiyori yeBig Bang

indlela indalo edalwe ngayo ithiyori

Eyona thiyori idumileyo neyamkelwa ngokubanzi yiBig Bang. Njengoko usenokuba ufunde okanye weva, IBig Bang ligama elinikwe isenzeko esaqala yonke into ekhoyo. Ngokwale ngcamango, indalo iphela yanda ngokukhawuleza isuka kwindawo encinane nexineneyo yokuqala. Kodwa akukho kudubula kokwenyani, njengoko igama elithi "qhuma" linokucebisa.

Ingqondo yakho iyagqabhuka xa ufunda: Indalo iphela ayinaziko, kuba akukho ndawo okanye ixesha elalikho ngaphambi kweBig Bang, ngoko ke imvelaphi ayinakuba kwindawo ethile. Ekuphela kwento esiyaziyo kukuba indalo iphela iyaqhubeka isanda kwaye iphola. Ngaphaya koko, siyazi ukuba iminyele ihambela kude enye kwenye, kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza (sisandula ukufumanisa owona mnyele ukude waziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku). Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho into (engabonakaliyo nengabonakaliyo) "eyityhalayo", nto leyo siyazi ngokuba ngumcimbi omnyama. Enyanisweni, kuphela i-5% yendalo yonke yinto eqhelekileyo (yintoni eyenza wena, uMhlaba, kunye nazo zonke izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kwindalo yonke), kodwa i-85% yinto emnyama kwaye i-10% eseleyo ingamandla amnyama. Oko kukuthi, inkoliso yendalo iphela iyilwe zizinto esingenakuzibona okanye ukuziqonda.

Utshiso lwemitha ye-cosmic microwave bubungqina bobukho beBig Bang. Ifunyenwe kwi-1965, ibuyele kwindalo iphela "iminyaka engama-380.000 kuphela". Ngokulinganisa utyikityo lwale mitha, iintsalela zeBig Bang, sinokubala uqikelelo lobudala bendalo iphela (iminyaka eyi-13.800 yezigidigidi).

Yadalwa njani i-Universe: Ithiyori enkulu yeBounce

ukubetha okukhulu

Okwamangalisa izazi ngendalo kukuba, indalo iphela isicaba yaye iyafana. Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokusasazwa kwesiphithiphithi sezinto kunye namandla, yonke into ibonakala ilula kwaye isasazeke ngokuthe ngcembe, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kubekho into ethile enegalelo kuyo. Apha kulapho iifiziksi zibiza ngokuba lixesha lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto. ixesha apho oku kudityaniswa kwe-matter kunye namandla kunokwenzeka, ukwenza i-homogenizing yonke indalo.

Ithiyori yokunyuka kwamaxabiso yacetywa ngu-Alan Guth ngo-1981 ukuzama ukucacisa ukuba yeyiphi i-phenomena eyabangela i-Big Bang kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezilandelayo. Kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nako kunako ubuthathaka, yaye ezinye izazinzulu azicingi ukuba akwanelanga ukuchaza ukufana kwendalo iphela.

Enye indlela yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ecetywayo yingcali yefiziksi yeYunivesithi yasePrinceton kunye noprofesa uPaul Steinhardt, yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "Big Bounce", efana ne "Big Bounce". Ngodliwano-ndlebe kunye neZiko le-Theoretical Physics ye-UAM / CSIC, uSteinhardt wachaza ukuba ngaphambi kweBig Bang kwakukho ixesha elingaphambili le-systolic. Indalo yonke iphinda iphinde iphinde yande, ichaza ngokugqibeleleyo iipropathi ebezichazwe ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ithiyori yendalo ejikelezayo okanye ejikelezayo

Ithiyori enkulu ye-Bang

Igama likaRoger Penrose lisenokuba liqhelekile kuwe njengoko wayephumelele ibhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngo-2020. UPenrose okwangoku ungomnye wezazinzulu eziphandwe kakhulu kwithiyori yemvelaphi yendalo iphela. Wacebisa ithiyori ngokubhekiselele ekubeni indalo iphela iya kuhamba ngamaxesha okwanda kunye nokucutheka ngendlela yomjikelo. Ke ngoku siza kudlula kulwandiso. Njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku kwiNgxoxo , ukunqanyulwa okugqithisileyo kuya kubizwa ngokuba yi-contraction enkulu kwaye kuya kuba "ngokwemathematika efana neBig Bang," eya kwenzeka ngaphambi kokwandiswa okutsha.

ithiyori ezininzi

Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ze-physicists ekuchazeni imvelaphi yendalo yonke kukuba asinayo i-quantum theory of gravity, "ithiyori yezinto zonke." Ngamafutshane, izinto ziziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwizikali ze-quantum (i-athomu, amasuntswana asisiseko) kunokuba zenze kwizikali eziphakamileyo, kwaye asikwazi ukuchaza ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka. Kwisikali se-quantum, inkqubo yomzimba ikhona kwindawo ephezulu yamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye, ibonisa enye yazo ngokungenamkhethe xa silinganisa. Ingxaki yekati edumileyo kaSchrödinger iyichaza kakuhle kakhulu.

Ingcamango yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo isenokuchaza ezinye iingxaki eziye zafunyanwa zizazi ngendalo ukuze zichaze imvelaphi yendalo iphela. Ngokwale ngcamango, kuya kubakho uluhlu olwahlukileyo lwendalo iphela, kwaye eyethu iyinxalenye nje encinane yezinto ezininzi. Ukuze ithiyori yezinto ezininzi isebenze, kufuneka sithathe ubuncinci imilinganiselo emithandathu (sifumana ezintathu kuphela), kodwa ezinye iithiyori ezibonakalayo, ezifana nethiyori yomtya, umviwa "wethiyori yento yonke," icebisa ukuba kuya kubakho ubuncinci. ishumi leemilinganiselo ngexesha elinye. .

ukuhlala kukulinganisa

Ekugqibeleni, kukho ithiyori engazange ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo luluntu lwezenzululwazi, ukuba unokuhlala kuhlobo lweMatrix.

Umzekelo, i-MIT cosmologist uMax Tegmark wabanga kwintetho ka-2016 ehlonipha u-Isaac Asimov ukuba imithetho yezibalo elawula indalo iphela inokumiselwa sithi, isiphumo se-algorithms eyenziwe zezinye ii-arhente, okanye nokuba, ukumangalisa ingqondo yakho, yayingabantu ngokwabo abenza ukulinganisa ngexesha elithile kwixesha elizayo ukuze baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde benze izinto ezidlulileyo.

Kukwangenzeka ukuba ezinye iimpucuko ezikrelekrele zenze le ndalo ifanisiweyo njengento yophando, okanye nje ukuzonwabisa. Le thiyori yokugqibela mhlawumbi yeyona iphikisanayo kuzo zonke, kwaye asinabo ubungqina bokuba inokuba yinyani, nangona ingenakukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela i-Universe eyadalwa ngayo kunye neethiyori zayo.


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  1.   Cesar sitsho

    Imixholo malunga nobungangamsha be-UNIVERSE ibiyinto endiyithandayo, kuba ubukhulu kunye nobuhle bundenza ndiphuphe, ukujonga igalaksi, iiplanethi, iinkwenkwezi, i-nebulae, i-meteorites, ilanga, njl.. zenza olu lwazi lube yinto engaqhelekanga esikhokelela kuyo. Imvelaphi yobomi