I-Turbulence ayikho kuphela kwindalo, nangona kunjalo ujonge kuyo, kodwa kuyimfuneko kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi: ukuxuba ngcono ulwelo olwahlukileyo (yiyo loo nto sishukumisa ikofu kunye nobisi ukuzixuba), okanye ukudala ukudluliselwa okukhulu kobushushu phakathi ulwelo (siphinda sishukumise ikofu ukuze iphole ngokukhawuleza), njl. Kwimeteorology zikwakho kwaye zibizwa UVon Karman udla ngokutya.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neelori zokulahla i-Von Karma, iimpawu zazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Iipropati zeVon Karma vortex
Ukuqala, kufuneka sazi iimpawu ezichaza ulwelo kunye namandla awo. Ukuxinana, uxinzelelo okanye ubushushu zizinto eziguquguqukayo esizaziyo sonke. Ngokusekwe kubo kunye neziphumo zabo, nayiphi na intshukumo okanye amandla ombane anokuchazwa, nangona inokuba nzima:
Ukuzinza
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womoya ubetha ingqukuva; ukuba isantya somoya siphantsi, sifumanisa ukuba umoya uhamba "kancinci" ujikeleze nasemva kwebhola; lo mqolo ukwabizwa ngokuba "ngumlambo osezantsi" okanye "umsila" wokuhamba kwamanzi.
Kule meko ukuhamba kubizwa ngokuba yi-laminar, oko kukuthi: i-eddies okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-turbulences ayixabiswanga, inyaniso kukuba ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi yonke into iya kuba yinto enesithukuthezi, eneneni nokuba i-equations ye-Navier-Stokes inakho Izicelo kwi-psychology, ukulawula isihlwele okanye uyilo lweenkqubo zokufuduswa kwabahambi ngeenyawo kumabala emidlalo, njl., yonke into ilula ukuba akukho ziphithiphithi.
Ngoku cinga ukuba imolekyuli yomoya nganye ilandela enye imolekyuli yomoya, njalo njalo; kukho inani elingenasiphelo leemolekyuli kumgca ogudileyo. Makhe sicinge ukuba, nasiphi na "isizathu", ngokukhawuleza i-molecule engayilandeli le pateni eguquguqukayo, oko kukuthi, ishiya "isiqhelo" somzila, nangona kunqabile kakhulu; ngobuchule ukuthetha, kuthiwa kwenzeke "ezingazinzanga". Oku kungazinzi kukuqala kwesiphithiphithi; Ukususela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, utshintsho kwiindlela zokuhamba lulandelana ngokufanelekileyo, ekubeni enye i-molecule ityhala enye ukuba itshintshe indlela, njalo njalo. "isizathu" kutheni kwindawo yokuqala.
Iindlela zeemolekyuli zinokwahluka kakhulu: utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwiqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo okanye ukuxinana, nezona zixhaphakileyo kwimvelaphi engaziwayo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwijometri okanye ulwakhiwo olulandelayo, ukungazinzi kufumana amagama alandelayo:
- Ukungazinzi kukaKelvin-Helmholtz: Inokuthi yenzeke ngokuqukuqela kulwelo oluqhubekayo olunjengomoya okanye amanzi, okanye kumdibaniso wamanzi amabini okanye iileya ezimbini zolwelo olufanayo ezihamba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukungazinzi kweRayleigh-Taylor: Kubalulekile "ekwindla" (ukuwa) okanye ukuhla komoya obandayo ovela phezulu. Nangona "ebukhali" ukunyuka komoya oshushu.
I-viscosis
I-Viscosity mhlawumbi iyaziwa kakuhle kuba wonke umntu uthelekisa amanzi nobusi okanye i-lava, umzekelo, echaza ukuba yintoni i-viscosity. Makhe sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni kwelinye icala: Masithi sikwirobhothi eneenqwelo-mafutha ngaphambili nangasemva; xa irobhothi lijika libe luhlaza, sifuna ixesha lokuhamba; ke: i-viscosity njengexesha lokusabela phakathi komthwali ngamnye ohambelanayo (1 / ixesha lokuphendula); iphezulu i-viscosity, ixesha lokusabela lifutshane; oko kukuthi, lonke ulwelo luthanda ukuhamba kunye okanye kunye.
I-viscosity isoloko icingelwa njengamandla akhukhulayo phakathi kweeathomu kulwelo. Ukuphakama kwe-friction, iphezulu i-viscosity. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo mandla sizathu sobukho bomda womda: i-air kufuphi ne-surface, isantya esisezantsi (kumfanekiso ongezantsi, utolo olufutshane lubonisa isantya esincinci).
Ngokomzekelo, iiparagliders kwanabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayazi ukuba xa umoya uvuthuza (ngokuyingozi) ngamandla, banokuhla, kuba “ukugungxulwa” yimithi kunciphisa amandla abo kakhulu.
Ukuqhubela phambili nomzekelo webhola esikhankanywe ngaphambili, umzekelo, ukuba ukuhamba komoya phezu kwephiko yi-laminar ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho nqanaba lomda (esele siyazi ukuba iyafana nokuthi akukho viscosity), akukho mahluko.. uxinzelelo phakathi komphezulu naphantsi kwephiko, ngoko akukho kuphakanyiswa; inqwelo-moya ayinakubhabha; ilula ngolo hlobo. Ukubhabha akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngethamsanqa ukuncamathela kuhlala kukho. Kwakhona, ngaphandle kwe-viscosity, abayi kubangela isiphithiphithi naphezu kokungazinzi.
Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi
Xa i-particle (efana ne-molecule yomoya) iphantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi, iyayitsala kunye nokukhawuleza okunikwe yinguqu yoxinzelelo olwahlulwe ngoxinaniso. Ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwenzeka okuchaseneyo, kuyagxotha okanye ukutyhala.
Kwimozulu, iindawo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-anticyclones, ngelixa i-cyclones okanye iziphepho (iinkanyamba ezongezelelekileyo kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo) Zibizwa ngokuba ziindawo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi.. Wonke umoya osesibhakabhakeni okanye onke amanzi akwiilwandlekazi zoMhlaba ayashukuma ngenxa yomahluko woxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo ngunina wazo zonke iipropathi; enyanisweni, ezinye izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo zichaphazela utshintsho loxinzelelo: ubuninzi, ubushushu, i-viscosity, ubunzima, amandla e-Coriolis, inertias ezahlukeneyo, njl.; eneneni, xa imolekyuli yomoya ihamba, ikwenza oko ngenxa yokuba imolekyuli eyandulelayo ishiye ummandla woxinzelelo oluphantsi, loo mmandla udla ngokuzala ngoko nangoko.
Siye sabona oonobangela okanye instabilities evela eendaba ezifana umoya okanye ulwandle, ezenza geometries ezithile, omnye wabo - umxholo walo msebenzi - kuthiwa vortices Von Karman. Ngoku, sakuba siqonda oonobangela kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo eziphazamisana nazo zonke ii-dynamics zalo naluphi na ulwelo, sikulungele ukufunda ngale geometry ikhethekileyo.
Xa i-airflow ijikeleza malunga nayo nayiphi na ijometri, iguqukela kuyo, ikhokelela ekungazinzini, njengoko sesibonile, sidala isiphithiphithi; ezi ziphithiphithi zineentlobo neemo ezingapheliyo; uninzi lwazo alukho ngamaxesha athile; oko kukuthi, aziphindaphindwa ngexesha. okanye indawo, kodwa abanye benza njalo. Le yimeko yeVon Karman vortices ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Zenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile zesantya somoya kunye nemilinganiselo ethile yento esebenza njengomqobo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neVon Karman vortices, iimpawu zabo kunye nokubaluleka kwemeteorology.