Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yeentaba-mlilo ezinoxanduva lwenye yeentlekele zemvelo ezinkulu ezenzeke ngokwendalo embalini. Imalunga nayo IVesubio mont. Luhlobo lwentaba-mlilo olubangele ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eyintlekele kwaye ngoku ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo iyingozi emhlabeni. Yiyo kuphela intaba-mlilo esebenzayo efumaneka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, i-geology kunye nobungozi obunayo iNtaba iVesuvius.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Le volcano ikummandla weCampania emazantsi e-Itali. Ime ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi malunga neekhilomitha ezili-9 ukusuka kwisixeko saseNaples. Yintaba-mlilo eyaziwa ngokuba namagama anjengeVesaevus, Vesevus, Vesbius kunye neVesuve. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili le volcano inayo kukuba yenziwe yi ingqokelela yamanqanaba aliqela alava, uthuli lwentaba-mlilo, ipumice, kunye nezinye izinto zepyroclastic. Zonke ezi zinto zivelisiwe kukuqhuma okuncinci kwaye ziye zaqokelelwa ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka.
INtaba iVesuvius ihlelwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo iyingozi emhlabeni. Ukuqhuma kwayo kwentaba-mlilo zezi zeentaba-mlilo ezidityanisiweyo okanye uhlobo lwe stratovolcano. Ukusukela ukuba uphondo oluphakathi lwale volcano luvele kwi-caldera ye-volcanic, iwela kudidi lwe-somma volcano. Ithathwa njengenye yeentaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye ine-cone emalunga ne-1.281 yeemitha ukuphakama. Le khowuni yaziwa ngegama leConne enkulu. Ijikelezwe ngumphetho wengqungquthela ye-caldera ye-Monte Somma. Le ntaba inokuphakama kweemitha ezili-1.132.
INtaba iVesuvius kunye neNtaba iSomma zahlulwe yintlambo iAtrio di Cavallo. Kuxhomekeke kuqhushumbo lwentaba-mlilo olwenzekayo, ukuphakama kweekhowuni kuguqulwe kwimbali. Phezulu kwezi ntaba-mlilo kukho umngxuma ongaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-300 ubunzulu.
Ukuyilwa kweNtaba iVesuvius
Izazinzulu ziye zafunda ukwenziwa kwale volcano kuyo yonke imbali kwaye iyaziwa ukuba ingaphezulu nje kwendawo yokuthimba. Lo mmandla uphakathi kwamacwecwe ase-Eurasia kunye ne-Afrika. Le ipleyiti yesibini iyathotywa phantsi kweyokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyatshona ngaphantsi kokuqala kwaye ikwenza oko ngeqondo leesentimitha ezi-3,2 ngonyaka. Eli nqanaba lokuthimba yinto ebangele ukwenziwa kweNtaba iSomma.
Le ntaba indala kunentaba-mlilo iVesuvius njengoko yenziwa kuqala. Elona xesha mdala nelikwaziyo ukufundisisa livela kwindawo ye-volcanic kwaye lijikeleze iminyaka engama-300.000 ubudala. Iminyaka engama-25000 eyadlulayo iyaziwa ukuba indawo ephezulu ye-Somma volcano yawa ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu kakhulu kwaye kulapho i-caldera yaqala khona ukudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyilwa kwekhowuni eyinxalenye yeVesuvius akuzange kuqale phantse kwiminyaka eyi-17.000 eyadlulayo. Oku kwenza iVesuvius ibe yintaba-mlilo yanamhlanje. Ukubonakala okupheleleyo kweCone enkulu yeVesuvius kwavela ngo-AD 79. Ukuze uFranklin avele kwaye agqibe ukwakha, kwakufuneka kubekho uqhushumbo olukhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, le ndawo yayisele iphantsi kogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu kunye nommandla ohlupheke ngamandla ngenxa yenyikima. Imvelaphi yomsebenzi weenyikima owenzeke kule ndawo kungenxa yokuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji kunye nenkqubo yokuthotyelwa kweplate enye kwenye.
Siyazi ukuba le ntaba-mlilo yayingumphumo wemagma ephuma ebusweni kuba izidenge ezivela kwiplate yaseAfrika zatyhalwa phantsi. Ezi ntlenga zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye zinobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ezi ntlenga zinokunyibilika ngenxa yeqondo lobushushu kwaye yilento ibangele ukuba ityhalele phezulu de yaphule inxenye yomhlaba.
Ukuqhuma kweNtaba iVesuvius
Siza kuvavanya zonke ezona ntaba-mlilo zibalulekileyo ezinazo le ntaba mlilo. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwiwaka lesibini leminyaka ngaphambi kwe-BC kwenzeka into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Avelino. Sesinye seziqhushumbisi ezikhulu kwindawo yokuqala. Intaba-mlilo iVesuvius inembali ende yokuqhushumba kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu iye yaba yenye yezona ziyingozi kuba zonke zinamandla kakhulu. Endala eqinisekisiweyo yenzeka ngo-6940 BC kuye kwakho ugqabhuko-dubulo olungaphezulu kwama-50 oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nabanye abanomhla ochanekileyo.
Ezinye zezinto ezinamandla ezakha zenzeka kwimbali yonke zenzeke ngonyaka wama-5960 BC. C. kunye no-3580. Oku kuqhuma mibini kwakuqine kakhulu kwaza kwabekwa loo ntaba-mlilo njengeyona inkulu kuyo yonke iYurophu. Kwinkulungwane yesibini ye-BC, oko kwabizwa ngokuba kukudubula kwe-Avelino, eyayingomnye weyona inamandla kuyo yonke imbali.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba le ntaba-mlilo idume ngayo yonke intaba-mlilo, eyona inamandla ibikade ikho kuyo yonke imbali kwaye Unamandla ngakumbi kwaye wabangela iziphumo yayikukuba kwenzeka ngonyaka we-79 AD Kulapha apho sele ngonyaka we-62 BC abahlali bommandla baziva iinyikima zomhlaba ezinamandla. Zonke ezi nyikima azikhange zibothuse abahlali, kuba beziziqhelile. Nangona kunjalo, kwangoko nge-79 AD, iVesuvius yagqabhuka, ikhupha inani elikhulu lamafu amatye, igesi yentaba-mlilo, uthuthu, ipumice eyaphukileyo, ilitye elinyibilikisiweyo, kunye nezinye izinto. Zonke ezi zinto zazigxothiwe kubude beekhilomitha ezingama-33 kunye nokuhamba kweetoni eziyi-1.5 ngomzuzwana. Le yeyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu kuyo yonke imbali kwaye yaqhushumba wonke umntu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngeNtaba iVesuvius kunye neempawu zayo.