Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yeencopho ezifumaneka kwenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zePicos de Europa National Park. Imalunga noPico Urriello, owaziwa ngcono ngegama lika UNaranjo de Bulnes. Yenye yeencopho ezidumileyo kule paki yesizwe kwaye ikumbindi weentaba. Inobude obuziimitha ezingama-2518 kwaye yanyuswa okokuqala ngo-1904. Ukusukela ngoko, ezi ncopho zaba yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo ekuqalekeni kwentaba yaseSpain.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, i-geology kunye ne-Naranjo de Bulnes.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Yintlanganiso ebunjwe yimonolith ekhathalayo eyenzelwa ubukhulu becala ngamatye amatye ekalika angwevu. La matye ayemakhulu kwaye enziwe nge-microbially. Ezi zinto zavela kwiqonga elikhulu elinomxholo ophezulu wee-carbonates zolwandle kwaye zaphuhliswa ngexesha le- ixesha le-carboniferous. Ukunyuka kunye nokuwa okuye kwafunyanwa kwinqanaba lolwandle ngexesha leCarboniferous kubangele ukuntywiliselwa kwenxalenye ephezulu yeqonga kunye neenkqubo zekarst eziphuhlisiweyo.
Kukhululo lwekarst, imingxunya iqala ngenxa yenkqubo yekarstithi kwaye igcwele ngezinto ezivela kuyo Ixesha lePermian. Ezi zinto zichongiwe njengezinezikhala ezibomvu kunye nodongwe. Olona phawu luphambili lweNaranjo de Bulnes kukuba ine-morphology yayo njengemvelaphi yayo eyenziwe ngokusisiseko kwimodeli yomkhenkce. Imodeli yomkhenkce ibiphethe imeko ngokubanzi yokuba ijiology yomhlaba ithathe indawo yonke. Indawo yonke yePicos de Europa yafumana ubunzima ngexesha le Ixesha le-quaternary, Elona xesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce lwenzeka malunga neminyaka engama-38.000 eyadlulayo.
Kude kube lixesha lokuqalisa kokuqengqeleka, indawo ephezulu yesithambiso sogqunywe sisigqubuthelo sentaba. Incopho yenziwe ngamatye aqengqelekileyo angqongwe ziiros ezazineelwimi ezimbini zomkhenkce. Inodonga olugudisiweyo kwaye alunamiphetho. Ezi ziimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa isenzo esirhabaxa seelwimi zomkhenkce ezindongeni zeNaranjo de Bulnes. Imodeli yeGlacier ineempawu ezizodwa ezivumela i-geologists ukuba zichonge ukwenziwa kwazo nganye.
Inzala ye-Geological nenkcubeko yeNaranjo de Bulnes
Njengoko bekulindelekile, incopho enalezi mpawu, isiphumo senkqubo yokutyibilika komkhenkce kwaye idume ngokuba sisiganeko sokunyusa intaba eSpain, inomdla omkhulu wejoloji, inkcubeko kunye noluntu. Ukuba siya kumdla wejoloji onokuba nawo uNaranjo de Bulnes, siyabona ukuba luhlobo lwe-geomorphological. I-geomorphology yale ncopho ngumzekelo olungileyo wenunatak. I-nunatak luhlobo lwendawo enamatye eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwintaba yentaba. Le ncopho yentaba ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kukubonisa iindonga ezipholileyo kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo somkhenkce womkhenkce.
Imijikelezo yomkhenkce yokunyibilikisa ibangela ukubola ematyeni. Ngenxa yenyambalala emininzi yenzekile kule ncopho, ukukhutshwa komkhenkce kuye kwapolisha onke amatye de kube kuguqulwe i-morphology. Le morphology luphawu lomkhenkce olulinganiselweyo kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, isebenza njengobungqina obukhoyo ukuze ikwazi ukutolika uguquko lwe-glacial dynamics yeQuaternary.
Inezinye izinto ezingezizo ezomhlaba ezinje ngembali nenkcubeko. Ukusuka kwimbono yenkcubeko kunye neyasentlalweni, kunokuthiwa ineempawu ezilungileyo ukuba yindawo entle. Ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto ziyimbonakalo kwaye zaziwa kakhulu kwiPaki yeSizwe yePicos de Europa. Kuya kufuneka songeze imeko yezembali ukusukela Umphezulu wenyuka okokuqala ngqa ngo-1904 nguPedro Pidal noGregorio Pérez. Aba babini banyusa intaba ngabo ababeke isiseko sentaba yaseSpain.
Ufika njani kwisiseko seNaranjo de Bulnes
Zininzi iindlela zokufika kwindawo yeVega de Urriellu. Mhlawumbi eyona ilula iya kuba kukushiya imoto kwidolophu yaseSotres. Ukusuka apho, sinokuhamba ngomkhondo osele ukho kwaye siye kwiCabao ebusika. Emva kwexesha siza kuwela umlambo iDuje kwaye ukusuka apho sinokunyuka siye kwiPandébano pass apho iphela iphela kwaye indlela iqala.
Ukusuka apha siyayibona i-Urriellu kwaye ukuba ulandela indlela uya kufikelela kwidolophu yaseBulnes. Kukho ezinye iindlela kodwa zinzima ngakumbi.
Nangona ayisiyiyoyona ncopho iphakamileyo kwiiNtaba zeCantabrian, Inokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-2.519 kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zaziwayo. Ingakumbi yintoni eyenza ukuba incopho idume ziimitha ezingama-550 zodonga oluthe nkqo kubuso basentshona. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, imvelaphi yolu donga yenzeka ngemvelaphi ye-glacial yeQuaternary kunye nokuqaqanjelwa ngumkhenkce kunye nokunyibilika.
Eyona ntaba inyukayo
Emva kokunyuka kokuqala ngo-1904, abanye baye balandela. Ukunyuka kwesibini kwenzeka ngo-1906 kwaye kwaqhutywa nguGqirha Gustav Shulze kwi-geology kunye nomnini-ntaba waseJamani onamava. Uyenzele nobuso basentla kwaye wayenza yedwa. Wayengumntu wokuqala ukunyuka intaba ukusebenzisa izikhonkwane ukuze akwazi ukukhumbula kwakhona ubuso basezantsi. Le geologist ichaze ukunyuka njengokufutshane kwaye kunzima.
Ngo-1924 umqhubi weentaba ogama linguVíctor Martínez Campillo wakwazi ukuvula indlela entsha, elula ebekwe kwicala lasekhohlo lobuso basemazantsi. Ukusukela ngoko yaziwa njenge Vía Víctor. Olunye unyuko lokugqibela lwenzeka ngo-1973 kwaye lwalandelwa ngokubanzi ngamajelo eendaba. Into enomdla malunga noku kunyuka kukuba kwakububusika kwaye kwakuthathe ubomi obuninzi kwaye kwahlangulwa izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo.
Njengoko ubona, iNaranjo de Bulnes yenye yezona ndawo zaziwayo zaziwayo eSpain. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngalo.