Xa sisenza izifundo ze-hydrographic sithathela ingqalelo umanyano lweminye imilambo nabanye. Ekuqaleni, xa umlambo omnye okanye engaphezulu ijoyina, ithathwa njenge umrhumo loo mlambo ungabalulekanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunezinto ezininzi okwahlukileyo kuzo njengoko siza kubona kwinqaku lonke.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni into eyi-tributary kwaye zeziphi iimpawu eziqwalaselweyo ukubiza igama lomlambo ongena komnye.
Index
Yintoni unikelo
Xa umlambo omnye okanye engaphezulu ijoyina, ngesiqhelo, encinci ithathwa njengoncedo. Ukubaluleka komnye umlambo okanye omnye kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokuhamba, ubude okanye umphezulu weakhawunti yawo. Elona linokuhamba kancinci, ubude okanye inani elincinci liya kuba ngumjelo kwindibano yomlambo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo. Sinokubona eminye imizekelo efana noMlambo iMississippi, ongena kuwo uMlambo iMissouri kwaye siziikhilomitha ezingama-600 ubude kwaye sinesitya eside ngokuphindwe kathathu.
Sikwafumana imilambo iMiño kunye neNarcea emifutshane kwaye engenaqukuqelo kancinci kunakwimilambo yabo, iSil kunye neNalón, ngokwahlukeneyo. Zonke ezi zinto zishiyiweyo zisenza sibone ukuba ukubaluleka komlambo phantse kube kungumbandela we-toponymy, oko kukuthi, akukho ngqiqweni ingenakuphikiswa malunga nokuba ngowuphi umlambo ongowona uphambili kwaye ngowuphi umjelo wawo.
Amagama asetyenzisiweyo ukubonisa inqanaba lerhafu ngokunxulumene nokuhamba okuphambili kuhlala: umjelo wasekhohlo osekhohlo okanye wasekunene, umjelo wasekhohlo nasekunene. Ngale ndlela sinokwazi ukuba leliphi icala umlambo ongabalulekanga kakhulu obandakanyiweyo kokukhulu. Oko la magama ayenzayo kuchaza, ngokwembono yamanzi athe wawanika, ithambeka elisezantsi ngokunxulumene nendlela apho umlambo uhamba khona.
Zilungelelaniswa njani iimfanelo?
Xa sithetha ngomlambo omkhulu nawo onke amancedo, kufuneka si-odole ukusuka kufutshane nomthombo womlambo siye kwabakufutshane nomlomo. Zihlala zicwangcisiwe kulawulo oluphezulu. Sinomyalelo wokuqala, owesibini-odolo, kunye nomyalelo wesithathu wokuhanjiswa. I-odolo yokuqala yokuhlawulwa yeyona incinci ngobukhulu. Umyalelo wesibini ngulowo wenziwe ngamacandelo amabini okanye nangaphezulu ahamba nomyalelo wokuqala kwaye adityaniswe ukuze awenze. Umyalelo wesithathu ngowona ubaluleke kakhulu kwaye mkhulu.
Enye indlela yoku-odola nokulungelelanisa imilambo evela emlonyeni ukuya emthonjeni. Ngale ndlela siza kuyinika ulwakhiwo lwedendritic. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zimbini ukwahlulahlula ngamacala: Imirhumo efika isuka ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene okoko intloko okanye umthombo ikwicala lomlomo womlambo omkhulu. Le yindlela yokuhlela imirhumo enento yokwenza ne-asymmetry yemilambo ngokudibana kwemibini okanye nangaphezulu. Kukho imilambo engena iye emlanjeni omkhulu emva kokuhamba imigama emide.
Bekusoloko kusithiwa umthombo womlambo uqala entabeni uphelele elwandle. Oku akufuneki kusoloko kunjalo. Kwimeko yemilambo engenisa eminye engundoqo, sifumanisa ukuba umlomo awupheleli elwandle kodwa usemandlalweni womnye umlambo otyisa ukuhamba kwawo. Kuqhelekile ukubona imilambo kumantla e-hemisphere eyona bhanki yayo iphambili ngasekhohlo kwaye yenza i-engile ebukhali kakhulu ngomlomo wayo. Uninzi lwemilambo engenisa enye kwibhanki yasekunene yenza i-engile phantse ihlala ilungile. Zonke izinto ezikhethiweyo zibangelwa ziimpawu zoncedo.
Yintoni ilindle?
Kanye njengokuba sichazile into eyiyo into ekuthiwa kukuhambisa amanzi amdaka, kufuneka sitsho ukuba yintoni na ilindle. Ngokuchasene ngqo. Kukuphambuka kwendalo okanye okwenziweyo okuphuma kumjelo ophambili womlambo omkhulu ngapantsi komncinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa amanzi amdaka avela kwindalo, ayenzeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane nolwandle. Kukwakho iimeko apho, ngenxa yesiqabu, sinokubakho nakwamanye amacandelo omlambo. Eminye imizekelo yazo ngumlambo iCasiquiare ngokubhekisele kwi Umlambo iOrinoco.
Kuqheleke kakhulu ukubona amanzi amdaka ayimvelaphi engengowamvelo ngenjongo yokusebenzisa amanzi kwezolimo nakwimfuyo. Oku kudala ijelo lonikezelo lwamanzi kwimimandla ekude kakhulu ukusuka kumlambo omkhulu.
Uphando kunye nezifundo
Kule minyaka idlulileyo, ukubonakala kokuba uMlambo iAmazon unokuba nohlobo oluthile kumanqanaba angaphantsi komhlaba kuye kwavela. Le mibutho yayiya kuvela kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo eyayiza kuhamba iikhilomitha. Kukho uphononongo olwenziwe zizazinzulu eBrazil oluye lwafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba, kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo bekukho umlambo ongaphantsi komhlaba omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6000 ngobude obukho kumawakawaka eemitha phantsi komhlaba.
Olu phononongo luza kwenziwa kwimithombo yeoyile eyahlukeneyo ebisetyenziswa ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo 70. Enkosi ngokugrumba kubonisiwe ukuba kukho iintshukumo ezingama-4000 eemitha ngaphantsi komlambo. Lo mlambo ungaphantsi komhlaba wawubizwa ngokuba yiHamza kwaye wawubizwa ngewonga lomlawuli walo lonke uphando kwaye, inokuba ingoyena mntu wanika umbono wokuba kungabakho intshukumo yamanzi phantsi komhlaba. Uqinisekisile ukuqinisekisa ubukho balo mlambo kwaye kungatshiwo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba lonke ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon londliwa ngamanzi avela kwizitya ezimbini: Umlambo iAmazon kunye noMlambo iHamza.
Njengoko ubona, imijelo yomlanjana akufuneki ibencinci ngokungqingqwa, ukuhamba kancinci okanye ubungakanani beakhawunti encinci, kodwa endaweni yoko kuxhomekeke kwezinye iimeko zokujongana noku. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni into enomdla kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani kwi-hydrogeography.
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