Umdaka omdaka

Phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo esinokuzifumana emajukujukwini sinezinto ezithile ezimangalisayo nezingaqhelekanga. Imalunga ne- umnyama omdaka. Ayiyongaphezulu kwenkwenkwezi kodwa yahlukile kwezinye ngesizathu esilula: khange ikwazi ukuqala inkqubo yokuhlangana kwezinto zenyukliya. Iinkwenkwezi zinemathiriyeli ngaphakathi eqala ukusabela kwinyukliya ngenxa yeempawu zayo. Nangona kunjalo, ziinkwenkwezi ezilula ukwenza impazamo kwiiplanethi ezaziwa ngokuba ziingxilimbela.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye neemfihlakalo zomdaka omdaka.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Luhlobo lwento eneenkwenkwezi enemfihlakalo eninzi ejikeleze yona. Kwaye ayisiyonkwenkwezi uqobo, ngenxa yoko inokubhideka ngokulula kunye neeplanethi ezibizwa ngokuba ziingxilimbela. Ke, sichaza isinqumama esimdaka njengesiqhelo endaweni yoko ayinakho ukuvelisa iimpendulo zenyukliya njengenkwenkwezi yesiqhelo. Ayinabunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ivelise ubuqili bayo njengenkwenkwezi. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba kube lula ukubhideka neplanethi.

Yinto yeenkwenkwezi ebekwe kwindawo ephakathi phakathi kweplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Kunokuthiwa zizinto ezisesibhakabhakeni kwaye zihlala kule ndawo kuba azinaso isixa sobunzima obuyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukukhanya njengenkwenkwezi yesiqhelo, nangona ubukhulu bazo ngamanye amaxesha bukhulu kuneplanethi. Abakhazimli njengeenkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo kodwa bayakhanya kwi-infrared.

Bavame ukuba nobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-0.075 yeLanga, okanye malunga namaxesha angama-75 ubunzima beplanethi yeJupiter. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezininzi zoba umda phakathi komdaka omdaka kunye Iiplanethi ngobukhulu beeshumi elinesihlanu zeJupiter. Obu bubunzima obuyimfuneko bokuseka ukudibana kwenyukliya. Kwaye inamandla okuvelisa amandla ngokudityaniswa kwe-deuterium, eyi-isotope ye-hydrogen. Oku kwenzeka kwisigidi sokuqala seminyaka ubudala. Umdaka omdaka uthintela ukuqhubeka kobomi njengoko iinyukliya zixinene ngokwaneleyo ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuwohloka kwee-elektroni ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxutywa kwenyukliya.

Imvelaphi yomdaka omdaka

Uninzi lwamanqwanqwa amdaka amdaka yimibala ebomvu engakhange ibangele ukudibanisa inyukliya. Inesakhono sokuba neeplanethi ezisingqongileyo kwaye inokukhupha ukukhanya nangona ibuthathaka. Olunye uphawu kukuba bayabanda ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangagcina imeko yomoya njengeplanethi. Sesinye sezizathu zokuba ihlala iphazanyiswa ziiplanethi ezinkulu. Iqondo lobushushu kumphezulu womntu omkhulu oxhomekeke kubunzima bomthi kunye nobudala bawo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, xa amantshontsho amdaka ngebala abancinci anamaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-2800K, Ngelixa bapholileyo ngezantsi kobushushu be-stellar nge-1800K.

Yenziwe ikakhulu yi-molecular hydrogen kwaye iyabanda kakhulu kuba amaqondo obushushu awadluli kwi-100 degrees Kelvin. Xa ujongwa ngeteleskopu, indawo emnyama, engacacanga ibonakala. La ngamafu enziwe ngezinto ekrwada ezenziwe ngawo umnyama omdaka. Imvelaphi yesininzi somdaka iza njengemveliso evela kwindaleko engaphumelelanga ye-stellar. Kwaye xa ilifu lerhasi lisiwa ngokwalo, libangela ukwenziwa kweprotostar. Unokuthi iprotostar kukuzalwa kombungu kwenkwenkwezi. Iiprotostars zihlala zilawula ukufumana ubunzima obaneleyo kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo bokubangela ukudibana kwenyukliya. Ukudityaniswa kwenyukliya kwenzeka ngezixhobo ezinomdaka omdaka kwi-nucleus yazo. Ngale ndlela, iba yinkwenkwezi kwisigaba sokulandelelana.

Kukho iimeko apho amancinci amdaka amdaka amile kwaye angenakufumana ubunzima obaneleyo bokubangela ukuba i-hydrogen iqale ukusebenza nge helium. Siyakhumbula ukuba ukuze kwenzeke i-fusion yenyukliya, akufuneki kuphela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kodwa noxinzelelo oluphezulu lubangelwa bubunzima obuphezulu. Ngale ndlela, amaqondo obushushu anokuzinziswa ngaphambi kokuba abe yinkwenkwezi.

Umdaka omdaka kwinkqubo yethu yelanga

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafunda nokuba kungenzeka ukuba zikwazi ukuhlala kwiiplanethi ezijikeleze umnyama omnyama. Oku kunokwenzeka kuye kwafundwa iminyaka emininzi kwaye bekucingelwa ukuba iimeko zokuba enye yeenkwenkwezi zibe neplanethi onokuhlala kuyo zingqongqo. Esona sizathu kukuba Indawo ekuhlalwa kuyo ebizwa ngoososayensi, imxinwa. Awunakho ukuhlala kumdaka omdaka ngombala kuba ubungqongqo be-orbit kuya kufuneka bube sezantsi kakhulu ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwemikhosi yamaza. La masango olwandle anoxanduva lokuvelisa isiphumo sokungalawuleki kwendlu eluhlaza esinokuthi senze imeko-bume ukuba ingabinabemi.

Kufunyenwe intshontsho emdaka kwinkqubo yethu yelanga kumgama weminyaka engama-98 yokukhanya ukusuka elangeni. Ukufunyanwa kwenziwa ngewebhusayithi enceda abantu abaninzi ukuba bafumane izinto zesibhakabhaka ezikude kude nomgaqo weNeptune.

Curiosities

Makhe sibone ezinye zezinto ezinqwenelekayo:

• Umbala oyinyani weenkwenkwezi ezimdaka awunantsundu. Umbala obomvu weorenji.
• Ezi zinto zasesibhakabhakeni zineeuroras ezinamandla ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na i-aurora ethe yafunyanwa yafunyanwa kwinkqubo yethu yelanga.
• Kukho amancinci amdaka anamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu. Ezinye zazo zinokuchukumiseka ngaphandle kokutshiswa njengoko zinamaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-100 degrees celcius.
• Nangona kunjalo, banomxhuzulane owomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba akuvumelekanga ukubakho. Kwimeko apho sizamile ukuya khona Siya kutyunyuzwa ngoko nangoko.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nenomdaka omdaka kunye neempawu zayo.