Umlambo iVolga

Owona mlambo mde eYurophu

El umlambo wevolga yeyona inde kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye ineempawu ezininzi ezizodwa. Iqukuqela kumbindi weRashiya nasezantsi ukuya kuthi ga kuLwandle lweCaspian. Kuba inkulu kakhulu, inendawo yokubambisa eyi-1.360.000 km2. Ukuhamba kwayo kukhulu kangangokuba inako ukubonelela ngamanzi kwiidolophu eziyingqongileyo.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga noMlambo iVolga, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.

Iimpawu eziphambili

umlambo wevolga

Umlambo iVolga uvela kwiiNtaba zeValdai phakathi kweMoscow kunye neSaint Petersburg kwaye uqukuqela kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ayingowona mlambo mde kuphela eYurophu, ikwangowona mlambo mkhulu. Ubude bubonke ziikhilomitha ezingama-3690 kwaye umyinge wokuhamba komndilili yi-8000 cubic metres ngesekhondi.

Indawo yayo ye-hydrological basin yi-1,35 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, ibekwe kwindawo ye-18 kwihlabathi. Ikwangowona mlambo mkhulu eYurophu malunga nokukhutshelwa kunye nokukhupha amanzi. Kuthathwa ngokubanzi njengomlambo kazwelonke waseRashiya. Ilizwe langaphambili laseRashiya, i-Russian Khanate, lakhiwa lijikeleze uMlambo iVolga.

Ngokwembali, yayiyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuhlangana yempucuko yase-Eurasia. Umlambo uhamba emahlathini aseRashiya, amahlathi-amathafa kunye nama-steppes. Izixeko ezine kwezilishumi ezikhulu zaseRashiya zikwiVolga Valley, kuquka nekomkhulu laseMoscow. Eminye yemithombo emikhulu yehlabathi ibekwe ecaleni koMlambo iVolga.

Yeyona ndawo ivaliweyo yoLwandle lweCaspian kwaye ngowona mlambo mde uqukuqela kwisitya esivaliweyo. Umlambo iVolga uvela kwiiNtaba zeValdai, eziimitha ezingama-225 kumntla-ntshona weMoscow yaye malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-320 kumzantsi-mpuma weSt. Ukusuka apho ujikela ngasemazantsi, udlula izixeko ezininzi, ngaphambi kokuthulula kuLwandle lweCaspian ngaphantsi kwe-Astrakhan kwiimitha ezingama-28 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Kweyona ndawo inobuchule, igobela ngakuDon. Kwi-Volga ephezulu kufuphi ne-Starica, iVolga ngo-1912 yayinemijelo emininzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yayiyiKama, Oka, Vitluga kunye neSula. Umlambo iVolga kunye neentsiba zayo zenza inkqubo yoMlambo iVolga, ehamba ngowona mmandla unabantu abaninzi eRashiya, egubungela indawo emalunga ne-1,35 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha.

Umlomo woMlambo iVolga

Khumbula ukuba owona mlambo mde eYurophu kufuneka ube nomlomo omkhulu. Ichweba layo limalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-160 ubude kwaye libandakanya ukuya kuma kwimisele engama-500 kunye nemilambo emincinci. Elona chweba likhulu eYurophu kuphela kwendawo eRashiya apho unokufumana khona izilwanyana ezifana neflamingo, i-pelicans kunye nelotus. Ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu eqabaka kule nxalenye yeRashiya, ubude bomlambo budla ngokuba ngumkhenkce kwiinyanga ezi-3 zonyaka. Ubusika kowona mlambo mde eYurophu buba ngumkhenkce ngokupheleleyo.

Umlambo iVolga utyhutyha uninzi lwentshona yeRashiya. Amadama ayo amaninzi amakhulu abonelela ngonkcenkceshelo kunye namandla ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ubude bomlambo busetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kunikwe iingxangxasi ezinokwakhiwa ecaleni komlambo omde eYurophu. Umjelo waseMoscow, uMjelo weVolga-Don, kunye noMjelo waManzi weVolga-Baltic zenza indlela yamanzi engaphakathi elizweni edibanisa iMoscow noLwandle oluMhlophe, uLwandle lweBaltic, uLwandle lweCaspian, uLwandle lwaseAzov noLwandle Olumnyama.

umonakalo womlambo

ivolga

Amanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka kweekhemikhali ziye zaba nefuthe elibi kwiVolga kunye neendawo zayo zokuhlala. Endleleni, izityalo nezilwanyana zichatshazelwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Ngokuhambela phambili kobugcisa kunye nophuhliso lwexesha lemizi-mveliso, izinto ezininzi ezikhutshwayo ziphela zingcolisa amanzi kwaye zibangele iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi-ikhosistim kunye neendawo zokuhlala zeentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana.

Le ntlambo ichume kakhulu kwaye ivelisa isixa esikhulu sengqolowa. Ikwanemithombo yezimbiwa ezityebileyo. Imboni ebalulekileyo yeoli igxininiswe kwiVolga Valley. Ezinye izixhobo ziquka igesi yendalo, ityuwa kunye nepotash. IVolga Delta kunye noLwandle lweCaspian ziindawo zokuloba. I-Astrakhan, ekwi-delta, liziko leshishini le-caviar.

Enye impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yowona mlambo mde eYurophu kukuba isoloko isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokukhangela. Umlambo weVolga uye wandiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadama amakhulu ngexesha lezoshishino. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuthutho kunye nokuhamba kwelizwe laseRashiya, kuba onke amadama emilanjeni axhotyiswe ngokutshixa kunye neenqanawa ezinobungakanani obukhulu. Zonke ezi nqanawa zinokuhamba ukusuka kuLwandle lweCaspian ukuya ekupheleni komlambo kwiindawo eziphezulu.

Imisebenzi kunye nokukhangela

ukhenketho eRashiya

Ukungcoliseka kowona mlambo mde eYurophu kuye kwanda kuphela ukususela kwixesha lemizi-mveliso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imida yoxinaniso evumelekileyo yeoli kunye ne-derivatives yayo emanzini omlambo yanda ngo-2016 xa kuthelekiswa nophononongo olufanayo olwenziwe ngo-2015. Ukwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu, Ugxininiso longcoliseko luqhubekile ukunyuka unyaka wonke ngowama-2016.

Iimveliso ebezinawona manqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko ziquka intsimbi, imekyuri kunye nenickel. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti waloo nyaka, iNkulumbuso yaseRashiya uDmitry Medvedev wayalela ukuba kuphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza isicwangciso sokucoca uMlambo iVolga. Ngokutsho kolwazi olunikezelwe nguMphathiswa weNdalo waseRashiya, ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokucoca uMlambo iVolga kuya kuxabisa malunga ne-34.400 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, okanye malunga ne-580.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

Iimfuno zomlambo iVolga

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinomdla kwiVolga River:

  • Umlomo wayo ungaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, iimitha ezingama-28 kanye.
  • Umlambo iVolga unemijelo engaphezu kwama-200, ingakumbi imilambo yeKama, iOka, iVitluga kunye neSula.
  • Malunga nesiqingatha sabemi baseRashiya sihlala kufuphi neVolga Valley, yaye isiqingatha sabemi beli lizwe sisebenza kwezolimo ngasemlanjeni.
  • Kukho iitempile ezininzi zamaOthodoki kunye neemonki ecaleni koMlambo iVolga.
  • Amanye amadama makhulu ehlabathini abekwe ecaleni komlambo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neVolga River kunye neempawu zayo.


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