Umlambo iTigris

Ukuhamba koMlambo iTigris

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomlambo owaziwayo kwingingqi yaseMesopotamiya. Imalunga nayo Umlambo iTigris. Lo mlambo udityaniswe noMlambo i-Ewufrathe kuba igama lawo lithetha "umhlaba ophakathi kwemilambo." Le milambo mibini iqala umjikelo wayo ngokwahlukeneyo kodwa ifikelela kwinqanaba apho idibana khona ukuze yenze umlambo omkhulu. Le milambo ibingomnye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yemithombo yamanzi kwimpucuko apho ingaqala khona ukufuya izilwanyana.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngeempawu kunye nokubaluleka koMlambo iTigris.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Umlambo iTigris uhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqukuqela ngaphezu komEfrate. Uhamba ngeSyria, iTurkey, kunye ne-Iraq kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia. Izalwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka komnye umlambo kwiLake Hazar kwingingqi yeeNtaba zeTaurus. Ihamba ukusuka empuma kwaye isiya emazantsi kangangeekhilomitha ezingama-400 ukuya kumazwe aseTurkey. E-Syria ayenzeki ixesha elide, kodwa ayikho enye into egqitha ngeekhilomitha ezingama-44.

Indawo apho ijoyina khona uMlambo i-Ewufrathe ikufuphi nedolophu yaseAl-Qurnah. Ukumanyana kwale milambo mibini kubangela ukuba kubekho amanzi amatsha anegama elithi Shatt al-Arab eligqibela ngokungena kwiPersian Gulf.

Umlambo iTigris ubaluleke kakhulu kuba ungumthombo wamanzi amatsha nokutya ngenxa yenani elikhulu leentlanzi ezihlala kuwo. Kuhambo lonke singahamba kunye nawe njengoko udlula kwizixeko ezaziwayo ngokwenkcubeko nezoqoqosho ezifana neMosul, iBaghdad neSamara. Yonke le mimandla ibharhile kwaye iyinkqantosi kwaye, ke ngoko, igalelo lamanzi acocekileyo ngalo mlambo libalulekile.

Ubude bebonke boMlambo iTigris buqikelelwa malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1850. Ibhili iyonke inetyala elimalunga ne-375000 yeekhilomitha kwaye ikhupha umndilili we-1014 cubic kilometres ngomzuzwana wamanzi. Lo mlambo ujoyine i-Ewufrathe ukwandisa ukunyuka kwawo, kodwa uyondliwa nangeminye yemilambo efana ne-Great Zab, i-Little Zab, i-Diala, i-Botan, i-Garzar kunye ne-Jabur.

Akukho datha zininzi malunga nemvelaphi kunye nokuhamba kwalo mlambo, nangona kusaziwa ukuba usebenze ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-13 seminyaka. Oku kuhamba kwamanzi ixesha elide kuye kwayitshintsha imeko yokuma komhlaba enika imiwonyo kunye nentlambo emazantsi.

Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo iTigris

Izilwanyana zomlambo iTigris

Lo mlambo uhlwempuzeke kakhulu kwiyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo kuba ziyaziwa malunga ne-55 iintlobo zeentlanzi. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi ezingama-46 zendalo kwaye ezisi-7 zihlala khona. Oko kukuthi, kukho iindidi ezisixhenxe ezinokufumaneka kuphela kule vidiyo kwaye akukho ndawo kwihlabathi liphela. Sineentlobo ezi-6 zezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini phakathi kwazo Ingca yeNeurergus. Esi sesinye sezona zilwanyana zasemanzini kunzima ukuzijonga, ke abantu abanomdla abafuna ukujonga izilwanyana baya kuzama ukujonga ukuba bangazifota na.

Ezinye zeentlanzi ezidumileyo zi I-Tenualosa ilisha, i-Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, iLeuciscus vorax, i-Cobitis avicennae kunye neTips tigridis. Kukho nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neemollusk eziye zabonwa emathafeni nakumgxobhozo walo mlambo. Sifumana imollusk ye-vivalve yeakhawunti ebizwa ngokuba I-Unio crassus kunye neempuku njengezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezibiziweyo UNesokia indica kunye noNesokia bunnii.

Ayikuko ukuba lo mlambo ubalasele ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana kwaye uninzi lweentlobo zalo alwaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwazo kukuba zihlala zikhona kwaye azaziwa kangako.

Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho koMlambo iTigris

Umanyano noMlambo i-Ewufrathe

Ukubaluleka kwamanzi alo mlambo kunikwe kuba ahamba ngendlela yeentaba kwaye bekungekho lula ukuwasebenzisa ngaphambili. Ngaphandle koku, ngumlambo obaluleke ngokorhwebo nezixeko ezibalulekileyo kwiibhanki ezinje ngeBaghdad neMosul. Lo mlambo ubaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kunomEfrate.

Imithombo yamanzi isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabemi ngokubanzi. Ngokufika kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, amanzi asetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamandla kagesi. Izikhongozeli ezininzi ezakhiwe ngakulo mlambo zinceda ukuthintela izikhukula kunye nokugcina amanzi okusela. Ukuhamba kwalo mlambo kuvumela ukuhambahamba nangona zimbalwa kuphela izikhephe ezilinganiselweyo.

Ukuqala kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, lonke urhwebo ngamanzi alo luye lwehla ngokukodwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemizila kaloliwe kunye neendlela. Kukho ukungcoliseka kwamanzi ngeenxa zonke iidolophu zaseRivera. Njengoko bekulindelekile, imisebenzi yoluntu kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni zezo zivelisa iimpembelelo ezithile emanzini. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kubandakanya indawo yase-Iraq, umgangatho wamanzi ubonakala ulungile. Apho uninzi lweempembelelo ezivela kwiindawo ezisezantsi.

Iinkqubo

Impilo yoMlambo ichaphazeleka linqanaba eliphezulu lonyuko kunye nokuqokelelwa kweetyiwa kunye neentsholongwane. Oku kungenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nomphunga oqhubekayo wamanzi. Umgangatho womhlaba kwicandelo elisezantsi nawo uyancipha ngenxa yokwahluka kwemozulu kunye nokutshona kwamanzi komhlaba. Ukuthintela ukufumba kwamanzi kakhulu Izikhongozeli zangaphambili zakhiwe kweyona ndawo inentabalala (apho kudibana khona uMlambo iTigris noMlambo i-Ewufrathe), kodwa nangona kunjalo umhlaba awunamanzi kakuhle ngoko ke amanzi aphelela ekuqokelelekeni kwaye abangele izikhukula ezincinci.

Okwangoku, lo mlambo uya ungcoliseka ngakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni. Oku kungenxa yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kwiibhanki zayo ezinganikeli kuphela kungcoliseko, kodwa nokushiya imeko embi kunye nevumba elibi. Ukongeza, kukho amanzi amdaka avela kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka kunye neekwari zesanti eziyingozi ngakumbi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda okuninzi malunga noMlambo iTigris.


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