Utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zehlabathi ekuya kufuneka sijongane nazo kule nkulungwane. Enye yezi ngxaki kukunyuka kwamaxesha kunye nokuqina kweziganeko zemozulu ezibi. Phakathi kwezi ziganeko zigqithileyo yimbalela. Ukuze kuhlolwe imbalela elizweni lethu, a umbonisi wembalela.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nombukeli wembalela kunye neenzuzo ezinikezelayo.
Iziphumo ezibi zembalela
Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyazi yinkcazo yembalela. Imbalela yendawo ibonwa ngokuba nexesha elide onemvula ingaphantsi komndilili. Namhlanje kukho imbalela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobude bexesha kunangaphambili. Oku kunyuka kokuhamba rhoqo kunye nokuqina kwale meko kubonisa iziphumo ezibi ezinokuthi zitshintshe imeko yemozulu kumandla omoya.
Ukuba siyayongeza kule ngxaki intlekele yendalo ebandakanyekayo, oko kuthetha ukungalingani kwamanzi kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi luqala ukuvela kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwesiqhelo. Konke oku kubangela iimpembelelo ezimbi ezinokuthi zibe mandundu ngakumbi kunalezo zibangelwa zizitshingitshane ezinamandla ukusukela oko kunzima ngakumbi ukuzichaza kunye nokulindela. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba abantu banezixhobo ukuze bakwazi ukuqikelela iimvula ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, imbalela kunzima ngakumbi ukuyilawula.
Ukwenza oku, sele wenziwe umsebenzi ukufumana umbukeli wembalela. Umsebenzi wokuvavanya ubuzaza kunye neziphumo zembalela ngokwemiqathango yeenjongo zihlala zinzima ngakumbi kuba imbalela leyo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokwahlukileyo kwingingqi nganye esifundayo. Ihlala iveliswa ikakhulu kukunqongophala kwemvula kwingingqi. Konke oku kukhokelela kukungalingani kwe-hydrological.
Iindidi zembalela
Esi siganeko sezulu sigqithisileyo sihlelwa ngokomlinganiso wobushushu, umphunga, imvula, ukuphefumla, ukumpompoza kunye nedatha eqokelelwe kufuma lomhlaba kwindawo ethile. Ukuba sifuna ukulinganisa imbalela, sisebenzisa isalathiso semvula esemgangathweni okanye isalathiso sobunzima besomiso. Ngale indices, wonke ummandla ochaphazelekayo ngokungalunganga unokujongwa.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zembalela ezikhoyo:
- Zemozulu: Kulolu hlobo, umyinge wemvula ungaphantsi kunesiqhelo, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba kunqongophele imvula.
- Ezolimo: ubungakanani bokufuma okusemhlabeni kwaye obuyimfuneko kwizityalo bungaphantsi. Ke ngoko, izityalo ziyachaphazeleka.
- Ulawulo lwamanzi: Yiyo eyenzekayo xa ubonelelo lwamanzi olukhoyo emhlabeni kunye nomhlaba ongaphantsi uphantsi kunesiqhelo.
- Uqoqosho kwezentlalo: yenye ichaphazela imisebenzi yabantu.
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zembalela ngokweendawo kunye nexesha lonyaka. Apha sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Okwexeshana: yile ifunyanwa kwimozulu esentlango apho imvula ixhaphakileyo. Umzekelo, sineentlango apho ukungabikho kwemvula kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
- Ixesha lonyaka: yenzeka ngaphambi kwexesha elithile elithile lonyaka.
- Ukuqikelela: Imele ukuba nexesha elifutshane nelingaqhelekanga. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqikelela ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi.
- Ayibonakali: Yeyona nto imangalisayo ukusukela, nangona imvula ina ngendlela eqhelekileyo, amanzi aphuphuma ngokukhawuleza.
Umbonisi wembalela
Siyazi ukuba imbalela ibangelwa luthotho lwemvula engapheliyo kwingingqi. Umoya uhlala utshona kwaye ukhokelwa kwiindawo ezinengcinezelo ephezulu. Oku kunciphisa ukufuma kwaye kwenza inani elincinci amafu. Njengokuba kukho inani elincinci lamafu, imvula iyancipha. Njengokuba abantu bonyuka, iimfuno zamanzi nazo ziyanda ngokwendalo. Ukuba songeza koku kwiziphumo zokufudumala kobushushu emhlabeni, imbalela inokuba iya kuba rhoqo kwaye ibe namandla.
Ukwenza oku, i IBhunga eliPhakamileyo loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (CSIC), ngentsebenziswano ne-Aragonese Foundation for Research (ARAID), kunye ne-State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) iphuhlise inkqubo yokujonga imbalela ngexesha lokwenyani. Iyaziwa ngegama lombukeli wesomiso kwaye injongo kukwenza uqhubekeko lokongamela ukuze ube nakho ukukhawuleza uyilindele le nto.
Kuba sesinye sezona zinto zibangela ukonakala kwezolimo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, iziphumo zalo zibonakala emva kwexesha elide apho kungekho mvula ingako. Kunzima ukuchaza ukuba yintoni ukuqala kwayo, ubude bayo kunye nesiphelo sayo. Ke ngoko, ukudala umbukeli wembalela unokubonelela ngolwazi kwilizwe liphela oluhlaziywa qho ngeveki. Yintoni egqithisile, ikuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelane nolwazi lwembali malunga nokungabikho kwemilinganiselo yemvula ukususela ngo-1961.
Inkqubo iyakwazi ukuqhuba lonke ulwazi olufunyenwe ngexesha lokwenyani kwinethiwekhi ye-AEMET yezikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kunye nenethiwekhi ye-SIAR (Agroclimatic Information System for Irrigation) yenethiwekhi yoMphathiswa wezoLimo, ezokuLoba kunye nokutya. Ndiyabulela kule ngcaciso, kubalwa izikhombisi ezimbini ezibonisa ubukho beli xesha lixakekileyo. Ngapha koko izikhombisi zisekwe ngokukodwa kwidatha yemvula yomphunga. Zizikhombisi ezibandakanyiweyo kunye nolwazi kwimfuno yokufuma komhlaba.
Ukubaluleka kombukeli wembalela
Ukubaluleka kwalo mboniso wembalela kukuba uyasilela ukubonisa ukungangqinelani kwezalathiso ezibini ngokubhekisele kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kwindawo nganye yommandla. Kuzo zonke iindawo apho iimeko zilungele imbalela, ukubek'esweni kungafikelela khipha ulwazi kwaye ubonise ubude bayo kunye nobunzulu. Zizalathi ezivumela ukuvavanya isixa esikhulu sedatha ukubonisa iimpembelelo ezinokubakho zale meko imbi kakhulu yemozulu. Konke oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuphucula ukulungela kunye nesilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nomngcipheko eSpain.
Ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ulwazi kwimephu ngokukhetha isalathiso esibonisa imbalela yemozulu, amaxesha esalathiso kunye nomhla. Ikwavumela Ukukhetha indawo ethile kwaye kunokubonwa ukuze ukwazi ukufunda ngcono.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nombukeli wembalela kunye neempawu zayo.