La umbala wamagqabi esityalo Ibisoloko itsalela ingqalelo yabantu ukuba iyaguquguquka, ngakumbi kuloo mithi inamagqabi avuthulukayo. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba kutheni umbala wamagqabi ezityalo utshintsha kwaye kutheni oku kungenxa.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba kutheni umbala wamagqabi ezityalo utshintsha kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba baphile.
umbala wamagqabi esityalo
Amagqabi ngokwendalo, ngakumbi lawo asemithini, ahlala eluhlaza kuba aqokelela i-chlorophyll, ibala lebala elifumaneka kwii-chloroplasts, unyaka wonke. Ezi ziyinxalenye yeeseli zezityalo ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo ye sebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide emoyeni kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba abe yiswekile ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe zizityalo. Ngombulelo kwezi swekile, izityalo zinokukhula kwaye ziphile ngokwenene kuba endleleni eya kwinkqubo, zivelisa inkunkuma ebalulekileyo, ioksijini. Le yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiphotosynthesis.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Chlorophyll kufuna imozulu efudumeleyo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba ilanga likhanya esibhakabhakeni, ngoko ekwindla iintsuku zifutshane kwaye ukukhanya kuyancipha, okuguqulela ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwale pigment. Ngenxa yoko, amagqabi ezityalo ezivuthulukayo alahlekelwa ngumbala oluhlaza ekwindla, enikezela kuloo mthubi kunye neeorenji, kunye nobomvu bamagqabi kunye nezinye i-pigments ngaphezu kwe-chlorophyll, ebizwa ngokuba yi-carotenoids. kunye neflavonoids.Ezi ziquka ibeta-carotene, eyenza iminqathe ibeorenji, ilutein, eyenza imithubi yeqanda ibetyheli, kunye nelycopene, eyenza iitumato zibe bomvu.
Kwimeko yamagqabi, ezi pigments ziye zingabonakali ngenxa yokuba ichlorophyll iyongamela kwaye ngandlela ithile "iyazifihla" ehlotyeni, kodwa xa kufika ukwindla, i-chlorophyll, i-carotenoids kunye ne-flavonoids iyancipha kwaye i-pigment eluhlaza nayo iyancipha. Yiyo loo nto amagqabi etshintsha umbala.
Ukongeza kwimibala ekhankanyiweyo, izityalo ezithile zivelisa i-flavonoids ethile ebizwa ngokuba yi-anthocyanins leyo kunokubangela ukuba amagqabi ajike aluhlaza phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezi pigments zibonakala zinomsebenzi wokukhusela ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwaye zithatha inxaxheba ekufunxeni kwemitha engaphezulu.
Ukongezelela ekutshintsheni ukuveliswa kwebala lebala, imithi evuthulukayo ayitshintshi nje kuphela umbala kodwa iphinda ilahlekelwe ngamagqabi ebusika, ifunxa kwakhona izondlo ezithile ize inciphise nencindi equkuqelayo emagqabini. Ngoko ukuba yonke i-pigment iphinda ifakwe kwakhona, amaqabunga ekugqibeleni aya kuba mdaka. Ngexesha elithile kwinkqubo, baya kuwela phantsi.
Emva koko amagqabi atshintsha abe yimibala eyahlukeneyo, kodwa abaninzi bethu bamangaliswa ngokukhethekileyo yi-tint ebomvu ngamanye amaxesha. Sichazile ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka, kodwa ngoku sinokukuxelela ukuba kutheni lo mbala uvela.
Yintoni eyenza amagqabi abebomvu ekwindla?
Ngokutsho kuka-Emily M. Habinck weYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina, umbala obomvu awubonisi nje utshintsho kwi-pigment, kodwa nokuba umthi ugxilwe kumhlaba onzima. UHabinck wafumanisa ukuba apho imihlaba yayiphantsi kwinitrogen kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, imithi ithande ukuvelisa umbala obomvu ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-anthocyanins, le pigment ikhusela izityalo, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kwimitha ye-UV kwaye ikhusela ukuveliswa kweeradicals zamahhala.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, iziphumo zikaHabinck zixhasa i-hypothesis yokuba ukwanda kwemveliso ye-anthocyanin kwimithi enamagqabi abomvu kukukhusela umthi ekukhanyeni kwelanga ekwindla. Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo lunika umthi ixesha elingakumbi lokuqokelela izondlo ezixabisekileyo, ukuphelisa iindleko zamandla okuvelisa ibala lebala kuba amagqabi abomvu aqaqambileyo ahlala ixesha elide.
Emva koko sinokubona ukuba imithi azizozidalwa ezingenakuzikhusela, ziyazikhusela, kodwa abanasikhuselo kuthi, ngoko masiqhubeke sibanyamekela. Ukuze ubancede kwasekuqaleni, kufuneka ubazi. Ndwendwela inqaku lethu malunga neyona mithi inomdla kunye namahlathi emhlabeni.
Indlela yokugcina umbala wamagqabi esityalo
Ubunzulu kunye nokwahluka kombala wamagqabi ezityalo azichatshazelwa lixesha okanye ubushushu, ngokungafaniyo neentyantyambo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa ubukhulu kunye neentlobo zemibala yemibala yezityalo, uluhlu lwenkathalo esisiseko kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo.
Eyokuqala kukuthintela isityalo ukuba singomi ukuze amagqabi angajiki abe mdaka. Kwakhona, zama ukususa onke amaqabunga angenayo i-variegated okanye imibala eyahlukileyo, kuba ukuba uhlaza lunamandla, isityalo siya kugqiba loo mbala. Okwesibini, ubukho bamagqabi anemibala elinganayo kwimizekelo ehlukeneyo kubanika imbonakalo engathandekiyo.
Izityalo ezinamaqabunga amhlophe, i-ocher kunye namaqabunga aphuzi kufuneka zithole ukukhanya kwelanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa ngokungathanga ngqo. Oku kuya kuthintela uhlaza ekubeni ngumbala obalaseleyo. Kukho nawuphi na, indlela efanelekileyo yokuphepha ukulahlekelwa ngumbala kukubanika isichumisi samanzi kanye ngenyanga, ngaphandle kwasebusika. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba isichumisi esigqithisileyo sinokuba nemiphumo emibi, njengotshintsho oluthile kumbala wamagqabi.
Izityalo kunye ne-algae ziqulethe iindidi ezininzi zemibala evelisa imibala esiyibona kuzo. Ezi pigments zezi: i-chlorophyll-a (eluhlaza mnyama), i-chlorophyll-b (eluhlaza), i-carotene (i-orenji), i-lutein (ephuzi), i-anthocyanins (ebomvu, emfusa, okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kunye ne-phycobilin (ebomvu). Umbala othile obonakaliswe yi-algae okanye amalungu esityalo uhlala uxhomekeke kwi-pigment enye okanye enye okanye indibaniselwano yazo.
Njengoko ubona, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni umbala wamagqabi ezityalo unokusinda ebusika obubandayo. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nombala wamagqabi ezityalo kunye neempawu zabo.