Ulwandle lwaseWeddell luyinxalenye yoLwandlekazi lweArctic. ubuso bayo malunga ne-2,8 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Imida yayo iphawulwe yi-Antarctic Peninsula ngasentshona, ummandla weCotsland ngasempuma, kunye neFerchner-Rohn Ice Shelf emazantsi. Ngaphaya kweKapa iNorway ukuya empuma, amanzi ayo adityaniswa nalawo olwandle lweKing Haakon VII.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngeempawu eziphambili zoLwandle lwaseWeddell, imvelaphi yalo, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ngolunye lolona lwandle lukhulu kwaye lwaziwayo kakhulu kwindawo esemazantsi yeplanethi, ukuhlamba inxalenye yonxweme lwase-Antarctica. Ibekwe malunga kumaqondo angama-73 kwisibanzi somzantsi kunye namadigri angama-45 ubude bobude obungasentshona, kwaye ijikelezwe yi-Antarctic Peninsula ngasentshona, iLand Land ngasempuma, kunye neFilchner-Ronne Ice Shelf emazantsi. Inommandla omalunga ne-2,8 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kwaye ilinganisa malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2.000 kwindawo yayo ebanzi. Yathiywa ngegama likamatiloshe uJames Weddell, owayengomnye wabokuqala ukungena kwinqanawa yemali.
Abahloli bamazwe benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba balubona njengolwandle olunobuqhophololo, oludlakazwe yimimoya ebhudla ngamandla yaye kwezinye iindawo luhlaselwe ziintaba ezininzi zomkhenkce. Ukusasazwa kwe-Weddell yi ukujikeleza kolwandle okuhamba kwicala elingasekunene idalwe yintsebenziswano ye-Antarctic Circumpolar Current kunye ne-Antarctic continental shelf.
Iinyani kunye nemvelaphi malunga noLwandle lweWeddell
Uninzi lwamanzi abandayo aphantsi kolwandle aphuma kuLwandle lwaseWeddell, amanzi awo angawona axineneyo eMhlabeni kwaye anegalelo kumjikelezo wethermohaline. Apho, umphezulu wayo uphola ukuya kutsho kwi -1,9 ºC, aze la manzi azike, ngaloo ndlela edala umsinga oqukuqela kuninzi lwehlabathi; iqala ipholile, ifudumale kancinane kufuphi neKamchatka, yaye ukusuka apho iye kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki Enye ihamba, kwelinye icala, naphakathi kweziqithi zentshona yePasifiki kwelinye, inqumla kumazantsi eAfrika, kwiCaribbean, iye kutshona kuSingasiqithi. I-Iberian, de amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwi-Arctic abuye kwaye aqale ukujikeleza ukuya kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
I-ice floes ixhaphake kakhulu ebusika kunehlobo, kodwa iimeko zemozulu kunye namanzi zidla ngokuba rhabaxa.
Ebudeni bexesha leCarboniferous, impuma yeGondwana, equka indawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiOstreliya, iAntarctica, neIndiya, yaqalisa ukusinga kumazantsi eikhweyitha. Ngexesha leJurassic, iinkqubo zetectonic kumazantsi oMzantsi Melika zenza iRocas Verdes kunye neMar de Weddell. Inyaniso, ulwahlulo lweGondwana lwenzeka kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba luLwandle lwaseWeddell.
Ekuqaleni kweCenozoic, iOstreliya yaqhekeka e-Antarctica yafudukela emantla, ngelixa le yokugqibela yaqalisa ukuqhubela phambili nasezantsi, yaza yahlukana ngakumbi kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba. Malunga nezigidi ezingama-23 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, iDrake Passage yavulwa phakathi koMzantsi Melika kunye ne-Antarctica kwaye yayingqongwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi. Ngelo xesha, lalisele ligqunywe ngumkhenkce.
sezulu
Ukongeza kwisibanzi, ukomelela komoya obandayo onamandla ovuthuza usuka emazantsi ukuya emantla ngokunxuseneyo neentaba ezimxinwa kunye nencasa ye-Antarctic Peninsula yenye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zemozulu yommandla osentshona woLwandle lwaseWeddell.
Le mimoya ayichaphazeli nje amaqondo obushushu kuphela, kodwa ikwanyanzela umkhenkce ukuba ukhukulise emntla-mpuma ukuya kuMazantsi eAtlantiki. Imimoya, amaqondo obushushu kunye neemeko zomkhenkce zibonakala kakhulu kwicala elingasempuma le-Antarctic Peninsula kunakwicala lasentshona.
Amaqela amakhulu eminenga kunye namantini ahlala kuLwandle lwaseWeddell. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala kula manzi kukho iindidi ezifana ne-Weddell seal, iminenga ene-humpback, iminenga eyiminke, i-leopard seal, i-crabeater seal kunye neminenga eyahlukeneyo ebulalayo.
I-Adélie penguin zezona ntlobo zepenguin zibalaseleyo kule ndawo ikude ngenxa yokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemekobume erhabaxa. Elona qela likhulu (malunga nama-10.000 ngamaqela) lifumaneka kwiSiqithi sasePaulette.
I-Weddell Sea Biodiversity
Ngaphandle kweemeko ezinzima zokuphila kwezidalwa eziqhelekileyo, uLwandle lweWeddell yindawo enemveliso ephezulu yobomi baselwandle obuqhelaniswe nokubanda. I-Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba) sisiseko sezilwanyana kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhonkco lokutya kulo mmandla, kuba isondliwa zizinto ezenza okunye ukutya. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala elwandle kukho ngaphezu kwama-200 iintlobo zeentlanzi ezifana ne-Antarctic herring (Notothenioidei), Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) kunye neAntarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni). Ezinye iintlanzi eziselwandle ziintlanzi ezibengezelayo ezinzulu zolwandle zeentsapho iGonostomatidae, barracuda, nelantern.
Iminenga eyiHumpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), iminenga esemazantsi (Eubalaena australis), iminenga (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), iminenga yengwe (Hydrurga leptonyx), kunye ne-crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) ixhaphake kakhulu emanzini, kodwa isenokuba yeyona ibonakalayo. I-Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) sisilwanyana esanyisayo esikwaziyo ukuntywila ukuya kubunzulu obuziimitha ezingama-700. Ngaphandle kwe I-Antarctic cod kunye nezinye iicod, nazo zitya iskwidi.
I-Icebergs kunye ne-shorelines yikhaya le-King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), i-Chinstrap Penguins (i-Pygoscelis antarcticus), i-Emperor Penguins (i-Aptenodytes forsteri) kunye ne-Adélie Penguins (i-Pygoscelis adeliae), ngelixa ii-petrels zityelela iindawo ezinamatye.
Iinkqubo
Ngenxa yendawo ekude, uLwandle lwaseWeddell aluchatshazelwa kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nonxweme oluchaphazela uninzi lweelwandle zehlabathi, kodwa alukhuselekanga kwizoyikiso zokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi ezo zivela kwimisebenzi yabantu. eyingozi kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye ne-acidification elandelayo yeelwandle, eguqula i-chemistry yamanzi, okubangela ukuba amaqokobhe e-calcareous okanye amathambo ezilwanyana athambe okanye ayeke ukukhula.
Ukuloba ezantsi ngumsebenzi wamva nje, kodwa kunoloyiko lokuba kuya kwanda kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke izibonelelo ziya kwandiswa. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokutshabalalisa iindawo ezihlala izilwanyana ezininzi kuze kwenze ulwandle lube yingxaki.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandle lweWeddell kunye neempawu zalo.