Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolwandle olwahlula ngokwendawo yaseYurophu iTurkey kwinxalenye yaseAsia. Yaziwa njenge Ulwandle lwaseMarmara. Lulwandle oludityaniswe kuLwandle oluMnyama ngeBosphorus Strait nakuLwandle iAegean ngeDardanelles Pass. Kuyaziwa ngokuba lulwandle apho kungekho kunqanqatheka kulwandlekazi kunye nakwiziqithi ezininzi.
Siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu kunye neemfihlo zoLwandle lwaseMarmara.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Lulwandle olunomphezulu ozizikwere ezili-11.350. Kuwo wonke lo mgangatho, ziikhilomitha ezingama-850 ubude ukusuka empuma-mpuma ukuya emzantsi-ntshona apho ububanzi bayo bubanzi bufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-80. Njengoko ubona, ayilulo ulwandle olukhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunjalo ubunzulu obuphakathi phantse kweemitha ezingama-500 bufikelela kubunzulu obuphezulu kwindawo yayo engumbindi ye-1.350 yeekhilomitha.
Ezi ziimpawu ezenza ukuba ibe lulwandle. Ngaphandle koku, ayinayo imisinga yolwandle eyomeleleyo kwaye ikummandla obalulekileyo womsebenzi wenyikima. Kwaye ukuba olu lwandle lwenziwe ziziphumo zentshukumo ezinamandla zenyikima yomhlaba malunga neminyaka ezigidi ezi-2.5 eyadlulayo.
Igama elithi Marmara livela kwisiqithi esinegama elifanayo ngenxa yobuninzi beemabula kumaxesha amandulo. UMarmara uvela imararon Oko kuthetha ukuba ibhastile ngesiGrike.
Iziqithi zoLwandle lwaseMarmara
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, olu lwandle luneziqithi ezidumileyo. Ineziqithi zePrincipe Islands kunye neMarmara Islands. Siqala ukuzichaza nganye nganye. IPrince Islands liqela leziqithi ezincinci eziyi-8 ezikwi-Asiya yeIstanbul. Phakathi kwezi ziqithi sifumana iindawo zabakhenkethi ezibalulekileyo ezinjenge-Heybeliada, iBurgazada, iKınalıada kunye neSedef. Phakathi kwezi ziqithi sinokufumana abantu abamalunga ne-14.000. Zonke ezinye iziqithi ezikolu lwandle azinabemi.
Isiqithi saseMarmara, esona sinika igama kulo lwandle, sineekhilomitha ezili-117 zekhuliso yolwandiso. Sesona siqithi sikhulu kwaye sesibini ngobukhulu kuyo yonke iTurkey. Ziyinxalenye yasentshona yolwandle phambi kwesiqithi saseCízico. Abemi bajikeleze abemi be2.000.
IBosphorus kunye neDardanelles
Mo kwiBosphorus yinto ephawula umda osemantla mpuma woLwandle lwaseMarmara. Ingalo yolwandle enesimo S kwaye ineekhilomitha ezingama-30 ubude kwaye kwindawo yayo emxinwa ilinganisa i-750 yeemitha. I-Bosphorus Strait inoxanduva lokwahlula isixeko saseIstanbul sibe ngamacandelo amabini: Kwelinye icala, sinenxalenye yaseYurophu kwelinye icala i-Asiya.
Omabini la manxweme aqhagamshelwe ngeebhulorho ezininzi kunye netonela kaloliwe egxunyekwe kwiimitha ezingama-55 ngaphantsi kolwandle. I-Dardanelles Strait inejelo lendalo elide lendalo ziikhilomitha ezingama-61 ubude kwaye imi kumazantsi mpuma oLwandle lwaseMarmara. Ububanzi bususela phakathi kwe-1.5 ne-6 yeekhilomitha. Zombini iibhanki zalo mxhuma zidityaniswe yimizila kaloliwe. I-Dardanelles Pass ibaluleke ngokubaluleka kuyo yonke imbali kwanamhlanje. Zombini ezi ngxaki ziya kuthwala isixa esikhulu sezithuthi zolwandle ezivela kwihlabathi liphela. Le ndlela yeyesibini kuphela kwiStrait yaseMalacca kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia.
Ukuhamba ngolwandle uLwandle iMarmara
Ndiyazi ukuba ufuna ntoni ukuya eholideyini kwaye uhambe ngesikhephe uLwandle lweMarmara, kungcono uqeshe isikhephe. Awunakufumana ezi zikhephe kwiindawo ezingafunyanwanga ezinamanzi acwebezelayo, iindawo zokuloba kunye neendawo zokuntywila ezinendawo zokutyela ezinkulu ezinokunyuka kuphela ngephenyane. Olu lwandle luzele ngamabhodlo kwaye ebusuku ludala imeko yotyelelo. Kukho abantu abenza itheko kwaye bazimanye nezinye izikhephe okanye baye kwisidlo kwiindawo zokutyela ezimnandi ezikulo lonke unxweme.
I-Dolmabahçe Palace yenye yezigodlo ezifumaneka kwiBosphorus kwaye yayakhiwe embindini wenkulungwane ye-600. Yakhiwe nguSultan Abdulmecit kwaye i-facade yolula iimitha ezingama-XNUMX kunxweme lwaseYurophu iBosphorus. Yakhiwe ngokulinganisa ezinye izigodlo zaseYurophu kwaye ungandwendwela ngaphakathi kwayo. Unokuthatha ithuba lokuhlala okunomdla njenge Igumbi lokulala elingu-2000. Kule gumbi kukho ikhandlela yekristale enobunzima obungaphezulu kweetoni ezi-4.
Njengoko ubona, uLwandle lwaseMarmara luyaziwa kakuhle kwaye luyinto yohambo lwabakhenkethi. Zonke ezinye iziqithi ezingenabemi ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuba njalo kwixesha elizayo ukuze zisebenzise kakuhle umhlaba. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngeli nqaku ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nolwandle kwaye ndikwenze wafuna ukulutyelela.