I-Atlantiki yangoku, i-oceanic enkulu "ibhanti lokuhambisa" elithwala amanzi ashushu ukusuka kwiindawo ezitshisayo ukuya kuMntla weAtlantiki, liyacotha kwaye likufutshane nokuwa, okuya kutshintsha amaqondo obushushu eYurophu. Izazinzulu bezilumkisa ngale nto kangangeminyaka. Uphando lwakutsha nje aluqinisekisanga kuphela ukulahleka kwamandla kule nto yangoku, kodwa luqikelela nokuyeka ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu. Ukuvalwa kwelizwe kuya kuba neempembelelo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kubangele imbalela ixesha elide kunye nokuphosa uninzi lwelizwekazi kubusika obubandayo obungapheliyo. Izazinzulu zithetha malunga ukuwa komlambo njengesiphumo esibi kwimo engqongileyo yehlabathi.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nokuwa kweGulf Stream.
Atlantic yangoku
Isazi ngefiziksi yomoya kwiYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid sathi: “Xa oku kusenzeka, ukushukuma kwamanzi ashushu ashushu ukuya kuMntla weAtlantiki kuya kuphela, aya kuba ngamanzi apholileyo kwaye aya kuba nefuthe kwimozulu yommandla. Ngokutsho kophononongo, olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi leNdalo, ukuziphatha kweli bhanti "lokuhambisa" lamanzi - eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation -AMOC- inike iimpawu ezaneleyo ukuba isecaleni "lokuwa okufutshane".
Ukujikeleza kwe-thermohaline (THC) yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokujikeleza kolwandle kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ngokusisiseko, sesinye sezimiselo zemozulu yehlabathi ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba okubalulekileyo kubushushu behlabathi jikelele. I-AMOC, ibekwe ngaphakathi kweli bhanti lokuhambisa, ilawula ubushushu kuMzantsi weAtlantiki. "Enkosi kuyo, iMadrid inemozulu efudumeleyo kuneNew York, nangona ikwindawo efanayo", yatsho ingcali yefiziksi yomoya.
Ukusebenza kwayo kubonakaliswa ngumsinga wamanzi ashushu nanetyuwa awela ulwandlekazi olungasentla lweAtlantiki, ngelixa elinye langoku lithutha amanzi abandayo nanzulu ukuya emazantsi, eya kuthi ke ibe yinxalenye yomjikelezo we-thermohaline.
Noko ke, i-injini eqhuba lo msinga weAtlantiki iye yaphelelwa ngumphunga kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, yaye ukuguquka kwemozulu ngokwako kucingelwa ukuba kungunobangela. “Akucaci, kodwa iithiyori ezininzi zikhomba ukunyibilika kweGreenland njengesona sizathu sokucotha,” utshilo uGonzález, kuba ngumkhenkce okwiindawo ezibandayo zaseYurophu ovumela imisinga yeAtlantiki isebenze.
Oku kuhambelana nokuxinana okwandisiweyo kwamanzi angaphezulu okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu nzulu, ukuzisa inkqubo inyathelo elinye kufutshane nokuwa ngokupheleleyo.
Uphononongo malunga nokuwa kweGulf Stream
Uphononongo aluzange luchaze ukuba le nto inokwenzeka nini, kodwa ayithethi ukuba iya kwenzeka kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, mhlawumbi nangaphambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane. "Oku kuya kuba nemiphumo eyintlekele kwiYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela," njengoko bekuya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza "imozulu ngokupheleleyo," abaphandi baphetha.
Ngapha koko, le meko ithathwa ngokuba "yindawo yokucotha yemozulu," okuthetha ukuba yakuba yenzekile, imozulu yalo mmandla ayisayi kuphinda ifane.
Iziphumo zokuwa kweGulf Stream
Uluhlu oluqulunqwe yi-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) luqulethe iindawo ezilithoba zemozulu ezichaphazeleka kakhulu okanye ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokunyamalala. Izinto ezisithoba ngumkhenkce wolwandle lweArctic, i-ice sheet yaseGreenland, ihlathi le-boreal, i-permafrost, inkqubo yangoku yeAtlantiki, ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon, iikorale zamanzi ashushu, kunye neSouthern Ocean ice sheets eNtshona Antarctica naseMpuma Asia. Zonke ezi ngongoma zokunika iingcebiso zinxibelelene, ngoko ke into echaphazela umntu omnye ichaphazela omnye.
“Le meko inokuba mbi ngakumbi kunokufudumala, njengoko iziphumo zako zivakala ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa nangona kunjalo olu lutshintsho olusisiseko oluseza kuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga,” utshilo. Iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho ziquka ukuhla kwemvula, Ukugquma kwekhephu elishinyeneyo kwiindawo ezininzi zaseYurophu, iingxaki zezolimo okanye amathuba aphezulu eziganeko ezinjengezaqhwithi ezinamandla.
Kwenzeka ntoni, njengoko uGonzález Alemán elumkisa, kukuba nangona ezi ziphumo zibonakala zichasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye kwinqanaba elithile lilinganisa, oku mhlawumbi akunjalo.
"Kwezinye iindawo inokulinganisa ezi zinto zimbini, kwezinye inokunciphisa imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye kwezinye inokuphucula imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu," kugxininisa abaphandi, abagxininisa ukuba umphumo kuphela wokuwa okunjalo kukuba. ikamva “lintsonkothile ngakumbi”. “Asiyazi yonke imiphumo enokuba nayo, kwaye inokuba neziganeko ezingalindelekanga,” utshilo.
Isiphumo esithe ngqo kwiAtlantiki
Uphando lubonisa ukuba sisondela kumda obalulekileyo ongaphaya kwenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi inokuwa. Lo msebenzi ubonisa ukuba izinto ezininzi zongeza umphumo othe ngqo wokufudumala kweAtlantiki ekujikelezeni kwayo.
Oku kubandakanya ukungena kwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo asuka kunyibilika amashiti omkhenkce aseGreenland, Ukunyibilika komkhenkce wolwandle, ukunyuka kwemvula namanzi omlambo. Amanzi amatsha anciphisa utyekelo lwamanzi aseMntla weAtlantiki ukutshona nzulu ukusuka kumphezulu, omnye wabaqhubi besiphithiphithi.
I-Atlantic Meridional Circulation ngumsinga obalulekileyo wolwandle olawula imozulu yoMhlaba kuba ithwala amanzi ashushu ukusuka phezulu kwindawo ephakamileyo, ifudumeza umoya, izike, kwaye ibuyela kwi-ikhweyitha. Ngokomzekelo, ijongene neSpeyin, eyonwabelayo imozulu epholileyo kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neplanethi iphela kwisibanzi sethu esifanayo.
Ukuba iArctic iyafudumala, iYurophu iya kuphola kuba xa amanzi amaninzi abandayo nanetyuwa encinci engena kwiAtlantiki, anqamla ukuhamba kwamanzi ashushu ukusuka kuMbindi Merika ukuya eYurophu, okuya kubangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ehle eNtshona Yurophu. iqondo lobushushu liya kunyukela kwinqanaba elifana nelo lirekhodiweyo kuMntla Merika kwisibanzi esifanayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemiphumo yokuwa kweGulf Stream.