Omnye wemibuzo abasoloko bezibuza yona abantu kunye nezazinzulu ezimbini kukuba ingaba Ukujikeleza komhlaba kuyacotha. Impendulo nguewe. Umhlaba wehla. Iplanethi iyacotha kwaye ijikeleza ngokucothayo. Isantya salo sokujikeleza simisela ubude beeyure ze-24 zemini, kwaye igcina i-deceleration trend ukuba, nangona ingaqhelekanga kwaye ingalindelekanga, ihlala ihleli kwaye ibonwa ngokubonga kwimibono kunye nokubala kwezibalo zeenkwenkwezi.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nendlela ukujikeleza komhlaba kuncipha kwaye yeyiphi imiphumo enayo ebomini.
Ngaba ukujikeleza koMhlaba kuyacotha?
Nangona isantya sokujikeleza singatshintshi kwaye akulula ukubala, ukuthambekela kukuba ukujikeleza kancinci kancinci. Eyesibini eyongezelelweyo eyongezelelekileyo kule wotshi yayingoJuni 30, 2015. I-2015 ibe nemizuzwana ye-86.401, isekhondi enye ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. I-arhente ehloniphekileyo yehlabathi, i-International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service (IERS), iphethe ukulinganisa rhoqo ukujikeleza koMhlaba kwaye ifuna isaziso seenyanga ezintandathu xa kufuneka kongezwe isibini.
Ukujikeleza komhlaba kuyacotha ngenxa yamaza enyanga nezinye izinto, ezinjengokutshintsha kwe-atmospheric (umoya), ezinefuthe elibonakalayo ekukhawuleziseni okanye ukucotha. Xa ubhaqiwe, umahluko phakathi kwexesha le-astronomical (UT1) kunye nexesha le-atomic (UTM) lingaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-0,9, kwaye imizuzwana yokuxhuma inokuqikelelwa.
Umlinganiselo wemizuzwana yokutsiba waziswa phantsi kwemigangatho yenzululwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuhlawulela impembelelo yezinto zangaphandle ezifana Umxhuzulane wenyanga, ukunyibilika kweepali okanye iziganeko zejoloji ezifana neenyikima, iitsunami okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo., ezibangela iinguqulelo emhlabeni. Nayiphi na into enokuthi iguqule ukusabalalisa kobunzima boMhlaba, ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kwi-crust, ichaphazela izinga lokujikeleza, kodwa iziphumo azinakucingelwa.
Ngaphandle kwesi sesibini, esiye sanda izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-20 ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1970, iiwotshi esizisebenzisayo xa silinganisa ixesha bezingayi kulungelelaniswa nexesha leenkwenkwezi, ixesha lokwenene, yaye ngenxa yoko bezingayi kulandela ukujikeleza kwezijikelezi-langa nendawo ezimi kuyo ngokuphathelele ilanga. Umhlaba ubucotha ixesha elide. Kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iintsuku zazimfutshane kakhulu kwaye ixesha eliphakathi kokuphuma nokutshona kwelanga lancitshiswa ngeeyure ezimbalwa.
Ukujikeleza komhlaba kuyacotha kunye nobudlelwane bawo neoksijini
Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba eoksijini ekuqaleni kwembali yoMhlaba kwavula indlela yeentlobo ngeentlobo ezimangalisayo zezilwanyana. Kodwa kangangamashumi eminyaka, izazinzulu ziye zasokola ukuchaza oothunywashe abalawula le nkqubo ngokuthe ngcembe, nto leyo Ithabathe iminyaka ephantse ibe zizigidi ezingama-2.000.
Ngoku, iqela labaphandi bamazwe ngamazwe liphakamisa ukuba ukonyuka kwexesha lokukhanya kwelanga kwimihla yokuqala yoMhlaba- ukujikeleza kweeplanethi ezincinci ngokuthe ngcembe kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, okwenza iintsuku zibe zinde-kunokwandisa inani le-oksijini ekhutshwe kukukhanya kwe-photosynthetic. I-cyanobacteria, eyamisela ixesha le-oxygenation yeplanethi.
Izigqibo zabo ziphefumlelwe kuphononongo lweendawo eziphilayo ze-microbial ezikhule kwiimeko ezinzima. emazantsi echibi laseHuron lizikile iimitha ezingama-30 ngaphantsi komphezulu. Amanzi kumbindi wesiqithi saseU.S. iTiankeng aphezulu kwisulfure kwaye ioksijini iphantsi, kwaye iibhaktheriya ezinemibala eqaqambileyo ezikhula apho kucingelwa ukuba zizifaniso ezilungileyo zezinto ezineseli enye ezakha iikoloni ezifanayo kwiikhaphethi kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo kumphezulu. zoMhlaba naphantsi kolwandle.
Abaphandi babonise ukuba iintsuku ezinde zonyusa inani le-oksijini ekhutshwe yi-photosynthetic mats microbial. Oku kufunyanisiweyo, kukwalatha kwikhonkco ebelingaqwalaselwa ngaphambili phakathi kwembali ye-oxygen yoMhlaba kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwayo. Ngelixa uMhlaba ngoku ujikeleza kwi-axis yawo rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24, ebuntwaneni boMhlaba usuku lunokuba luthathe iiyure ezi-6.
Seta iwotshi emva okwesibini okanye iyure?
Uninzi lwezizwe ezinamandla nezinempembelelo kwihlabathi, ezikhokelwa yi-United States, iFransi okanye iJamani, zithethelela ukuphelisa lo mzuzwana owongezelelweyo kunye nokulinganisa ukuhamba kwexesha ngokupheleleyo ngokumalunga nokujikeleza kweeathom zekhabhoni ezingekabikho. I-Cesium ilawula ukuhamba kwexesha kwiiwotshi zeathom kwaye yeyona ichanekileyo.
La mazwe agxininisa ukuba zonke izilungiso zinokwenziwa kanye, esongeza iyure (3600 imizuzwana) rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-600, iqhinga elibonakalayo lokulibazisa ukuphepha ukujongana nale ngxaki. Ewe, kukho ukuthambekela kokucinga ukuyisusa, kwaye uyenze kwiibhloko ezinkulu, ukongeza iyure enye kwiminyaka engama-500, kodwa umsantsa phakathi kwexesha eliphawulwe lilanga kunye nexesha loluntu eliphawulwe ngeewotshi zeathom uya kuba mkhulu nangakumbi. Iinkqubo zeGPS ezinexesha lazo azilunanzanga olu setingi.
Ukungavisisani nelinye iqela lamazwe, njengeUnited Kingdom okanye iTshayina, elixhasa ukugcina indawo yesibini kuye kwaba ngumthombo weengxoxo ezishushu phakathi kwezopolitiko, iteknoloji kunye nesayensi. Kubaxhasi abanyanisekileyo bokugcina izibalo ezichanekileyo zexesha ngokusekelwe ekujikelezeni koMhlaba, ukususa loo mzuzwana owongezelelweyo kuya kufana nokuchitha ixesha lempucuko ngaphandle kokuhambelana nenyaniso yeenkwenkwezi. Ukuba ucinga ukudlula kwamakhulu, amawaka okanye izigidi zeminyaka, oko kubonakala ngathi kukulungiswa kunye notshintsho oluncinci, umzuzwana omnye ngonyaka, uya kuba ngaphezu kwe-31 yezigidi zemizuzwana. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphandle kokwanda, Kuya kulahleka iyure enye rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-600.
Ngelixa izinga lokujikeleza lingekho rhoqo okanye liqikelelwa, itekhnoloji yangoku kunye nolwazi lwezenzululwazi luvumela umtsi wesibini olandelayo ukuba uqikelelwe kwiminyaka emibini ukusuka ngoku. I-IERS ilula kakhulu ngesaziso seenyanga ezi-6 kuphela. Akukho modeli yangaphambili. Impembelelo ephambili yiNyanga, apho uMhlaba uhlala ukhubaza, unciphisa umhlaba ngama-milliseconds ambalwa.
Kuye kwenzeka ukucima ukuthandabuza malunga nokuba ukujikeleza koMhlaba kunciphisa kwaye yintoni imiphumo enayo.